5 factors affecting political participation

Students interning for public officials soon learn that answering constituent mail is one of the most time-consuming staff jobs. (1997), Womens engagement in politics in the year of the woman, American Politics Quarterly, Vol. Prohibited Content 3. Introduction Political participation is the core component in democratic politics and is the essential requirement in the construction of socialism political civilization (W. Gao, 2008). The Watts riots in 1965 were the first of a number of civil disturbances in American cities. Taking part in the political processes which lead to the selection of political leaders or determine or influence public policy is generally known as political participation. The main reason for voting in the elections according to age was practicing the constitutional right. with (45.1 per cent) for the age group (18 less than 23) and (24.8 per cent) for the age group (23 less than 30). It was noted that the number of students in the age group (23 less than 30) was a total number of (171) including (141) participated in the voting with (82.5 per cent) in the same category. WebThere are many social factors that affect the political attitude and behavior of the individual in this frame. Midwestnerd Jingle Bell 5K run CC BY 2.0. It provides citizens a sense of dignity and value, alerts both the rulers and the ruled to their duties and responsibilities and facilitates broader political understanding. Social psychologists have emphasized on psychological traits which stem from 2. Eberly, D. E., Americas Promise: Civil Society and the Renewal of American Culture (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1998). People also can take part in support activities, more passive forms of political involvement. The law allowed all males and females as of 18years old to vote in elections (Article 3). Other forms of protest behavior include marking public spaces with graffiti, demonstrating, and boycotting. Factors influencing women political participation: The case of Campaign activity also produces collective outcomes. Thus, there was a gender gap between Jordanian university male and female universities students' voting in national and local elections. The full terms of this licence may be seen at http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode. For example, refugees in any country, who are granted the right to vote in elections, while they are suffering from the shortage of basic services, they would feel discontent and in turn they would disregard voting in the elections. Political Solt, F. (2008), Economic inequality and democratic political engagement, American Journal of Political Science, Vol. Methodology CBS News Report on the Rodney King Incident. 1.1 Communication, Information, and the Media, 2.2 Creating and Ratifying the Constitution, 2.3 Constitutional Principles and Provisions, 2.4 The Constitution in the Information Age, 4.2 Religion, Speech, the Press, Assembly, and Petition, 4.3 Arms, Search and Seizure, Accusation, Punishment, Property, and Privacy, 4.4 Civil Liberties in the Information Age, 5.1 Civil War Amendments and African Americans, 5.2 Other Minorities, Women, Lesbians, Gay Men, and the Disabled, 6.3 Political Culture and Socialization in the Information Age, 7.4 Public Opinion in the Information Age, 8.5 Participation, Voting, and Social Movements in the Information Age, 9.3 Interest Groups and the Political System, 9.4 Interest Groups in the Information Age, 10.1 History of American Political Parties, 10.7 Political Parties in the Information Age, 11.7 Campaigns and Elections in the Information Age, 13.3 The Presidency in the Information Age, 14.2 Policymaking, Power, and Accountability in the Bureaucracy, 14.3 The Federal Bureaucracy in the Information Age, 16.4 Policymaking and Domestic Policies in the Information Age, 17.1 The Executive Branch Makes Foreign and Military Policies, 17.2 Influence from Congress and Outside Government, 17.3 The Major Foreign and National Security Policies, 17.5 Foreign and National Security Policies in the Information Age. Peoples attitudes about government and politics can influence their decision to participate. People can vote for representatives, who make policies that will determine how much they have to pay in taxes and who will benefit from social programs. Protest participants received online instructions at the protest site about travel and housing, where to assemble, and how to behave if arrested. The scope and the outcome of voting is very broad affecting all the members of a society. In terms of patient-reported outcomes after OWHTO, several preoperative factors, intraoperative procedures, and postoperative radiological parameters have been posited as candidate influencing factors. This study aimed at identifying the factors affecting the political participation of Jordanian university students, especially their voting in the national and local elections. Factors Impeding Women's Political Participation- A Literature Review Members of social movements may resort to rioting when they perceive that there are no conventional alternatives for getting their message across. 97-107. Mohammad Soud Alelaimat can be contacted at: https://doi.org/10.1108/REPS-05-2019-0072, http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode. Social environment 3. The reasons of the low voting ratio of female students in Jordan was due to the fact that they didn't see a tangible role for elected councils within society in addition, tribal, social economic constraints as they didn't feel equal to males in education and employment. Democrat Barack Obama, the first African American to be nominated by a major party, generated enthusiasm, especially among young people. (2012), The impact of political parties on the 2007 Jordanian parliamentary elections, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, Vol. Womens full and effective political participation is a matter of human Factors affecting Political Participation Brooker (2013) concluded that in Australia, the ratio of youth participation in voting was low. High socio-economic status is conducive for an increase in the overall amount of political participation. In other (2017), The impact of social websites over Jordanian students intentions of active political participation: an application of theory of planned behavior, International Review of Management and Marketing, Vol. In addition, the questionnaire included two section, the first is related to the four factors: Gender (malefemale), Age (8-22years old - 23-30years old), Family Income (less than 500 dinar- 500 less than 700 dinar more than 700 dinar), and regional affiliation (Jordanian Origin - Palestinian Origin). Some political activities, such as boycotts and protest movements, involve many people working together to attract the attention of public officials. The United States Election Project provides information about voter turnout in presidential campaigns. Socioeconomic characteristics of a population, including age, race, gender, religion, marital status, occupation, education level, and more. People also can engage in symbolic participation, routine or habitual acts that show support for the political system. It can be concluded that: the more the regional affiliation varies, the more the voting in the elections differs in favor of the Jordanian students. Such factors are political exposure, political efficacy, education, income, gender, political interest, political culture, political parties, and religious beliefs. In addition, political participation required some resources, such as money to support the candidates (Lawless and Fox, 2001, p. 362). Individuals acquire political beliefs due to cultural factors, including their demographic characteristics and their experiences with family, friends, school, religion, and the media. This, in turn, affected their voting in the elections. It acts as a powerful reference group in its own right. 16, pp. Socialization is the mechanism by which people become aware about the issues and ideology and come to identify with a particular political party. They can create and post videos on behalf of or opposed to candidates. 1. About 3 percent of the adult population holds an elected or appointed public office (Verba, Schlozman, & Brady, 1995). Factors That Affect Youth Political Participation in Ethiopia But this political apathy influences political participation it is not much clear and certain. (8) of 1974 was issued to change the political life for Jordanian women. 3, pp. People salute the flag and recite the pledge of allegiance at the beginning of a school day, and they sing the national anthem at sporting events. Only a small number of people, generally under one-quarter of those eligible, participate in local, county, and state elections. Moreover, their belief that elected councils, whether national or local, are not able to change their lives in the future. The ratio of voting within the category (Palestinians) was low. Despite the fact that elections are the major event in the political process, political participation cannot be limited to only electoral process, i.e., voting and campaigning. Table III shows the results of the analysis of public universities students views on voting in national and local elections according to family income. With so many elections, people can become overwhelmed, confused, or just plain tired of voting. Published by Emerald Publishing Limited. It depends upon a variety of factors that influence it. Moreover, The Constitution guarantees appointment in government institutions with integrity (Article 23). Although all changes and amendments in Jordan, there was a reluctance of young people, particularly the university students to vote in the national and local elections (Al-Mohammad, 2017, p. 2). For many people, voting is the primary means of taking part in politics. In 1993, Congress passed the National Voter Registration Act, also known as the motor voter law, allowing citizens to register at motor vehicle and social service offices. Fitzgerald, J. Seventeen percent of Americans contacted a public official in 1976. It was made clear to the participants that their participation was voluntary, that their decision to take part in the study would not affect their routine care and that they were free to withdraw from the study at any point during the process. 271-294. For example, political participation includes Political participation of females in most societies is less than that of males, not only in developing countries but also in developed countries. Some regions have an established culture of political participation. Voter registration and turnout is influenced by legal and structural factors, voter qualifications, the type of election, and voters enthusiasm about a particular campaign. Huntington, S. and Nelson, J. personality 1, pp. They can post their views on blogs and energize their supporters using Facebook groups that provide information about how to get involved. Lawless, J.L. Psychological or cognitive traits 2. Moreover, political participation is a legitimate right for all citizens, their choice of the members of the government and the decision makers would influence their actions (Verba and Nie, 1978, p. 1). Civil society depends on social networks, based on trust and goodwill, that form between friends and associates and allow them to work together to achieve common goals. (6) of 2016 does not discriminate in voting between males and females (gender), young and old people (age), rich and poor (income), Jordanians and Palestinians who were granted the Jordanian nationality (regional affiliation). A unique and special political act, voting allows for the views of more people to be represented than any other activity. New media provide novel opportunities for political participation, such as using Facebook to campaign for a candidate and Twitter to keep people abreast of a protest movement. In this political system, participation by the individual in political activity is considered a virtue, a sign of political health and the best method of ensuring ones private interests. This made them reluctant to vote in elections. Voter turnout levels have hovered around 40 percent in the past three midterm elections. What would happen if both parents had two different political ideologies for example- MOM- Democrat and Dad - Republican? The study concluded that, Although the democratic transition and the subsequent constitutional and legal amendments in Jordan, which gave women equal rights with men, and allowing engagement in political parties and civil activities, there was a gap in the voting of Jordanian university students in national and local elections due to some demographic factors (gender and age), economic factors (family income) and some social factors (regional affiliation). The political landscape for many African nations does not provide the platforms where citizens can loudly and freely engage with the governments to harness democracy. The tape enraged blacks in Los Angeles who saw the police actions as being widespread within the Los Angeles Police Department and not an isolated incident. Today, students demonstrate to draw attention to causes. 48 No. Political participation is the knowledge and behavior involved in political activities (Bernstein, 2005, p. 299). People with higher education are more likely to participate The report focuses on explaining participation in campaigns in the Latin American and Caribbean regions of the Americas. If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. 1040-1061. Co-operative activity. Fox, R.L. Every day, millions of people voice their opinions to members of Congress. Trust in the ability of candidates to provide services to people, Ineffectiveness of the performance of elected local councils, Inefficiency of candidates for such councils, Family considerations and kinetic connections. The United States is one of the few democracies that requires citizens to register themselves rather than having the government take responsibility for automatically registering them. In addition, the voting of the students' category (Palestinians) was low. 3, pp. Kang, A. 2, pp. 54-67. https://doi.org/10.1108/REPS-05-2019-0072, Copyright 2019, Mohammad Soud Alelaimat, Published in Review of Economics and Political Science. Center for Information & Research on Civic Learning and Engagement (CIRCLE), Young Voters in the 2010 Elections, http://www.civicyouth.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/2010-Exit-Poll-FS-Nov-17-Update.pdf. As a part of its instrumental functions, the party contacts and registers voters, selects party nominees, organizes campaign activities, mobilizes rallies to influence the electorate during elections to vote and at o her occasions to favour their programmes. They concluded that the sociopolitical interest of young females could help to overcome this problem, education could be one of the solutions, as political participation of females increases, when they are aware that political events would directly affect their lives. To solve this problem, females have to overcome their psychological beliefs that their equality with men is impossible. In addition, ethnic groups feel that they are marginalized within society, and they do not receive adequate political attention, So, they are reluctant to participate in voting. of relevant theory and empirical research that provide insight related to the factors that cause voting behavior and their relations. Alelaimat, M.S. The pool of eligible voters has expanded from primarily white, male property owners at the founding to include black men after the Civil War, women after 1920, and eighteen- to twenty-year-olds after 1971. Women turnout during Indias 2014 parliamentary general elections was 65.63%, compared to 67.09% turnout for men. Flanigan, W. H. and Nancy H. Zingale, Political Behavior of the American Electorate, 9th ed. A large majority of people who have registered to vote participate in presidential elections. Political Participation Among Indigenous People Thus, regional affiliation affected the political participation of university students. Motor voters success in increasing the ranks of registered voters differs by state depending on how well the program is publicized and executed. The CBS News report on the Rodney King incident included the following controversial video. They concluded that the social and economic factors such as (gender, age, education, place of residence, family, tribal affiliation, unemployment, income, poverty, It can be concluded that marginalization of women in the past, and the denial of their right to vote for political and social reasons, made women feel alienation within the society and they were unequal to men. In recent decades, political participation amongst American Government and Politics in the Information Age by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. In the same context, the regional affiliation affected voting. To log in and use all the features of Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in your browser. and policies? - International Republican Institute Significant steps have been taken to make registration easier. Voting 8. Therefore, the present study focuses on the voting of students of Jordanian universities. Linda McMahonterm-1. the USA estrangement about engagement in electoral campaigns and community participation. This tactic was used effectively during the 1960s civil rights movement when African Americans sat in whites-only sections of public busses. (1995) emphasized that there were three sources affecting political participation: time, money and social skills. The reason for the low voting ratio of the Palestinians in Jordan was due to the fact that they saw the candidates inefficiency. Political Participation Among Indigenous People In contrast, the voting of the female students was (33.8 per cent). 41-54. Moreover, the electoral system of the country affects the political participation of women. Midterm elections, in which members of Congress run for office in nonpresidential-election years, normally draw about one-third of eligible voters (Rosenstone & Hansen, 1993). Fifty-four people were killed and two thousand were wounded. 2. Which of the following best explains how the organization can operate to influence. Almost 70 percent of high school students and young adults aged eighteen to thirty report that they have been involved in community activities (Peter D. Hart Research Associates, 1998). What factors influence voter turnout in elections? The Jordanian leadership responded and announced constitutional amendments in 2011. In addition, they did not get high quality public services.

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