Diversions - CFI Notebook There are several potential advantages of RNAV routes and procedures: Reduced dependence on radar vectoring, altitude, and speed assignments allowing a reduction in required ATC radio transmissions, and, In addition to information found in this manual, guidance for domestic RNAV DPs, STARs, and routes may also be found in Advisory Circular 90-100(), U.S. Terminal and En Route Area Navigation (RNAV) Operations, RNAV procedures, such as DPs and STARs, demand strict pilot awareness and maintenance of the procedure centerline, Pilots should possess a working knowledge of their aircraft navigation system to ensure RNAV procedures are flown in an appropriate manner, In addition, pilots should have an understanding of the various waypoint and leg types used in RNAV procedures; these are discussed in more detail below, A waypoint is a predetermined geographical position that is defined in terms of latitude/longitude coordinates, Waypoints may be a simple named point in space or associated with existing navaids, intersections, or fixes, A waypoint is most often used to indicate a change in direction, speed, or altitude along the desired path, RNAV procedures make use of both fly-over and fly-by waypoints, Fly-by waypoints are used when an aircraft should begin a turn to the next course prior to reaching the waypoint separating the two route segments. VFR Cross-Country Flight - CFI Notebook No other modification of database waypoints or the creation of user-defined waypoints on published RNAV or RNP procedures is permitted, except to: Change altitude and/or airspeed waypoint constraints to comply with an ATC clearance/instruction, Insert a waypoint along the published route to assist in complying with ATC instruction, example, "Descend via the WILMS arrival except cross 30 north of BRUCE at/or below FL 210." Print outs of the local airport information from the Chart Supplement U.S. To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with pilotage and dead reckoning, References: 14 CFR part 61; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; Navigation Charts, To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with cross-country flights and VFR flight planning, References: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; Navigation Charts; Chart Supplements; AIM; NOTAMs, Planning is based on what we believe will occur, It may be incorrect and calculations/adjustments may need to be made in flight, but having a point from which to depart leads to educated decisions, The military calls this mission cross-check, When dead reckoning, you've done the math to determine timing, and so if you arrive at a checkpoint according to timing and direction but you don't see it, turn to your next heading and orient yourself, Information to aircraft performance at various altitudes can be found in Chapter 5 of the Pilot Information Manual, Navigation should always be done from the chart to the landmarks, This means look at your chart first and then at the ground for your landmark, If done the other way around you could find yourself staring at your map looking for a landmark that may not be charted, There is no correct cruise altitude, its a balance of terrain and obstacles, glide distances, winds, required VFR cruising altitudes and flight levels, and smoothness of air, Remember that documents may not reflect reality and when it comes to services available at an airport, they may not be available due to supplies or even destructive weather, It is advised that you call FBOs ahead of departures to ensure required services are available, Don't forget about what you want to do after you reach your destination, Chose an Fixed-Based Operator (FBO) ahead of landing and give them a call before you depart to ensure the desired services will be available, where you must go to receive them (i.e., fuel farms may not be at the FBO ramp), and any special parking instructions, When traveling cross-country, it is recommended to carry extra closes/toiletries (bingo bag) to mitigate comfort-based delays when making, Pilots should consider the implications of planning or filing/requesting direct legs. XC Planning Checklist (Jeppeson GFM) Pilotage Navigation by reference to landmarks or checkpoints. | Privacy Policy | Terms of Service | Sitemap | Patreon | Contact, Advisory Circular (91-92) Pilot's Guide to a Preflight Briefing. Pilots should avoid premature manual deletion of waypoints from their active "legs" page to allow for rejoining procedures, RAIM Prediction: If TSO-C129 equipment is used to solely satisfy the RNAV and RNP requirement, GPS RAIM availability must be confirmed for the intended route of flight (route and time). CFI Notebook Aviation Information comes from a variety of sources, which requires a lifetime of dedication to perfect. One engine inoperative during straight-and-level flight and turns (AMEL, AMES) Task C. One Engine Inoperative - Instrument Approach (AMEL, AMES) Task D. Approach with Loss of Primary Flight Instrument Indicators. Because of the many uses of GPS in aviation (e.g., navigation, ADS-B, terrain awareness/warning systems), operators of aircraft using GPS need to be aware of these vulnerabilities, and be able to recognize and adjust to degraded signals. (See 1-1-13). Before conducting these procedures, operators should refer to the latest AC 90-101, Approval Guidance for RNP Procedures with AR. The CFI will spend hundreds of hours compiling data from various sources that cover all of the FAA Required subject areas. (See Paragraph 5-4-18, RNP AR Instrument Approach Procedures. These events are geographically limited, coordinated, scheduled, and advertised via GPS and/or WAAS NOTAMS. Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association - Are You Required to Call Flight Service for a Briefing? Flight Deck Management Lesson Plan - CFI Notebook Task B. The CFI, or Flight Instructor Notebook, is an instructor's guide to navigating the sea of resources to provide useful guidance for their students and themselves. The Certified Flight Instructor's (CFI) notebook is the critical reference material gathered throughout flight training. Navigation Lesson Plans Pilotage and Dead Reckoning: Diversion: To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with diversion References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; AIM; Navigation Charts Pilotage and Dead Reckoning Knowledge: The applicant must demonstrate an understanding of: PA.VI.C.K1: For example, TSO-C129 systems change within 30 miles of destination and within 2 miles of FAF to support approach operations. Continue searching. There are other objects or structures that could adversely affect your flight, such as construction cranes near an airport, newly constructed buildings, new towers, etc. Those subject areas are all listed below: Fundamentals of Instruction The Learning Process Human Behavior and Effective Communication The Teaching Process Teaching Methods Critique and Evaluation For example, while operating on a Q-Route (RNAV 2), the aircraft is considered to be established on-course when it is within 2 nm of the course centerline, Pilots must be aware of how their navigation system operates, along with any AFM limitations, and confirm that the aircraft's lateral deviation display (or map display if being used as an allowed alternate means) is suitable for the accuracy of the segment being flown. With this comes the need to keep things organized to reduce Foreign Object Debris (FOD) and confusion in flight. ), Advanced RNP is a NavSpec with a minimum set of mandatory functions enabled in the aircraft's avionics suite. Still looking for something? Still looking for something? Some business aircraft are using GPS as a reference source for aircraft flight control and stability systems. Of greater and growing concern is the intentional and unauthorized interference of GPS signals by persons using "jammers" or "spoofers" to disrupt air navigation by interfering with the reception of valid satellite signals, The U.S. government regularly conducts GPS tests, training activities, and exercises that interfere with GPS signals. Trust our experience to help you soar. Instrument Rating Lesson Plans - CFI Notebook The Flight InstructorAirplane Practical Test Standards book has been published by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to establish the standards for the flight instructor certification practical tests for the airplane category and the single- engine and multiengine classes. [Figure 1-4], En route NAVAIDs also provide weather information and serve communication functions, When a NAVAID is shown as a shadowed box, an automated flight service station (AFSS) of the same name is directly associated with the facility, If an AFSS is located without an associated NAVAID, the shadowed box is smaller and contains only the name and identifier, The AFSS frequencies are provided above the box, (Frequencies 122.2 and 255.4, and emergency frequencies 121.5 and 243.0 are not listed.) It is the sole aircraft position-reporting source for Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast (ADS-B). Time, distance, and speed calculations information, Determining Courses & Headings Information, CFI Notebook.net - Standard Instrument Departures (SIDs), Air Safety Institute's "A Visit to the Grey Lady", Federal Aviation Administration - Pilot/Controller Glossary, Aeronautical Information Manual (3-1-5) VFR Cruising Altitudes and Flight Levels, Aeronautical Information Manual (7-6-4) Obstructions To Flight, Aeronautical Information Manual (7-6-5) Avoid Flight Beneath Unmanned Balloons, Federal Aviation Regulations (91.119) Minimum safe altitudes: General, While often associated with completing a navigation log for a cross-country, flight planning is a process that must be conducted even for local flights in the traffic pattern, It is a descriptive process therefore involving more than one, If no wind information is available, plan using statistical winds, make them headwinds to be conservative in your fuel planning, Charts are all "true" as in true north and must be compensated to find magnetic north, Diverts (direction and channels/frequencies), Check points should be set approximately 10 NM apart, The purpose of flight planning is to become familiar with information pertaining to an intended flight, The work put in is also necessary to accurately complete FAA Form 7233-1, better known as a, According to FAR 91.103, pilots in command are required to familiarize themselves with information pertaining to the flight, The "how" is a product of flight planning but the "who, what, when, and where" provides a useful starting point, These required actions can be remembered using the acronym "NW KRAFT" or "WX-KRAFTN", A: Alternatives if the flight cannot be completed as planned, There are no requirements within the Federal Aviation Regulations to select and plan for an alternate, This does not preclude you from being prepared, In addition to the 1-2-3 rule, if your destination does not have an instrument approach procedure published, an alternate must be chosen in case the field were to fall into instrument meteorologic conditions. Charted RNP values of 0.30 or below should contain two decimal places (for example, RNP 0.15, or 0.10, or 0.30) whereas the NavSpec title will only state "RNP 0.3", U.S. standard lateral accuracy values typically used for various routes and procedures supporting RNAV operations may be based on use of a specific navigational system or sensor such as GPS, or on multi-sensor RNAV systems having suitable performance, In the U.S., PBN requirements like Lateral Accuracy Values or NavSpecs applicable to a procedure will be depicted on affected charts and procedures. Scalability and RF turn capabilities is mandatory in RNP AR DP eligibility. | Privacy Policy | Terms of Service | Sitemap | Patreon | Contact, Aeronautical Information Manual (1-2-2) Required Navigation Performance (RNP), Aeronautical Information Manual (5-1-16) RNAV and RNP Operations, Aeronautical Information Manual (5-5-16) RNAV and RNP Operations, Federal Aviation Administration - Pilot/Controller Glossary, Required Navigation Performance, or RNP, is RNAV with the added requirement for onboard performance monitoring and alerting (OBPMA), RNP standards are required for operation within a certain airspace, A critical component of RNP is the ability of the aircraft navigation system to monitor its achieved navigation performance, and to identify for the pilot whether the operational requirement is, or is not, being met during an operation, RNP capability of the aircraft is a major component in determining the separation criteria to ensure that the overall containment of the operation is met, OBPMA capability therefore allows a lessened reliance on air traffic control intervention and/or procedural separation to achieve the overall safety of the operation, The RNP capability of an aircraft will vary depending upon the aircraft equipment and the navigation infrastructure [, For example, an aircraft may be eligible for RNP 1, but may not be capable of RNP 1 operations due to limited NAVAID coverage or avionics failure. Each procedure is designated for use with a specific electronic navigational aid, such as ILS, VOR, NDB, RNAV, etc. Copyright 2023 CFI Notebook, All rights reserved. Initial data elements included are: Airport and Helicopter Records, VHF and NDB Navigation aids, en route waypoints and airways. Night Operations - CFI Notebook While there is a high expectation of knowledge among pilots, none can do so without periodically referencing old topics. U.S. standard lateral accuracy values typically used for various routes and procedures supporting RNAV operations may be based on use of a specific navigational system or sensor such as GPS, or on multi-sensor RNAV systems having suitable performance Depiction of PBN Requirements: This means that your aircraft may be eligible for RNP 1 operations, but you may not fly an RF turn unless RF turns are also specifically listed as a feature of your avionics suite, RNP 2 will apply to both domestic and oceanic/remote operations with a lateral accuracy value of 2, RNP 4 will apply to oceanic and remote operations only with a lateral accuracy value of 4, RNP 4 eligibility will automatically confer RNP 10 eligibility, The RNP 10 NavSpec applies to certain oceanic and remote operations with a lateral accuracy of 10. For example, RNP 1 is different from RNAV 1, and an RNP 1 eligibility does NOT mean automatic RNP 2 or RNAV 1 eligibility. Continue searching. There are examples of false "terrain-pull up" warnings during GPS anomalies, When flying IFR, pilots should have additional navigation equipment for their intended route to crosscheck their position. CFI Notebook | PDF | Risk Management | Flight Instructor - Scribd Pilots are encouraged to turn on their landing lights when operating within 10 miles of an airport (day or night) At the conclusion of night operations, reset all the switches for day, as such, check after the aircraft has flown at night to make sure the previous pilot did not forget. Additional digital data may easily be overlaid on the raster image using commonly available Geographic Information System software. Introduction: Cockpit management are the actions and procedures, starting with preflight, in which all necessary equipment, documents, checklists, and navigation charts appropriate for the flight are on board and easily accessible. Supporting structures such as guy wires exist here as well, Some locations identify these obstructions with unique sequencing flashing white strobe light systems, However, many power lines do not require notice to the FAA and, therefore, are not marked and/or lighted, Many of those that do require notice do not exceed 200 feet AGL or meet the Obstruction Standard of 14 CFR Part 77 and, therefore, are not marked and/or lighted, Pilots are cautioned to remain extremely vigilant, especially in the case of seaplane and/or float-equipped aircraft, The majority of unmanned free balloons currently being operated have, extending below them, either a suspension device to which the payload or instrument package is attached or a trailing wire antenna, or both, Good judgment on the part of the pilot dictates that aircraft should remain well clear of all unmanned free balloons and flight below them should be avoided at all times, Pilots are urged to report any unmanned free balloons sighted to the nearest FAA ground facility with which communication is established to assist FAA ATC facilities in identifying and flight following unmanned free balloons operating in the airspace. Designated to expedite clearance delivery and to facilitate transition between takeoff and en route operations, Furnishes pilots departure routing clearance information in graphic and textual form, Designated to expedite ATC arrival procedures and to facilitate transition between en route and instrument approach operations, They depict pre-planned IFR ATC arrival procedures in graphic and textual form, Each STAR procedure is presented as a separate chart and may serve either a single airport or more than one airport in a given geographical area, Full page airport diagrams are designed to assist in the movement of ground traffic at locations with complex runway/taxiway configurations and provided information for updating geodetic position navigational systems aboard aircraft, Airport diagrams are available for free download at the AeroNav website, Contains all terminal flight procedures for civil and military aviation in Alaska, Included are IAP charts, DP charts, STAR charts, airport diagrams, radar minimums, and supplementary support data such as IFR alternate minimums, take-off minimums, rate of descent tables, rate of climb tables and inoperative components tables, Revised every 56 days with provisions for a Terminal Change Notice, as required, Designated for preflight and en route flight planning for IFR/VFR flights, Depiction includes low altitude airways and mileage, NAVAIDs, airports, special use airspace, cities, time zones, major drainage, and directory of airports with their airspace classification, and a mileage table showing great circle distances between major airports, Revised annually, and is available either folded or unfolded for wall mounting, A VFR planning chart on the reverse side of the Puerto Rico-Virgin Islands VFR Terminal Area Chart, Includes mileage between airports of entry, a selection of special use airspace and a directory of airports with their available services, This chart is designed for VFR preflight planning and chart selection, It includes aeronautical and topographic information of the state of Alaska, The aeronautical information includes public and military airports; radio aids to navigation; and Class B, Class C, TRSA and special-use airspace, The topographic information includes city tint, populated places, principal roads, and shaded relief, The one sided chart is 58.5 x 40.75 inches and is designed for wall mounting.
cfi notebook navigation and flight planning