27a, 28a, cf. Notice the repeated pattern: Sow much seed / harvest little / harvest consumed by locusts, Plant and cultivate vineyards / no wine to drink / grapes consumed by worms, Have numerous olive trees / no oil to use / olives drop off prematurely, Have sons and daughters / no enjoyment of their company / children go into captivity, 1. Thus decrease in population and eviction from the land answer point by point (and in the same order) the matching blessings of number and land in the original promise passages (Gen 15:5-7; 17:4-8). 127:1; Job 31:8; and Prov. Deuteronomy 28 (:56-57) Monstrous Cannibalism by Even the Most Refined Woman, The refined and delicate woman among you, who would not venture to set the sole of her foot on the ground for delicateness and refinement, shall be hostile toward the husband she cherishes and toward her son and daughter, 57 and toward her afterbirth which issues from between her legs and toward her children whom she bears; for she shall eat them secretly for lack of anything else, during the siege and the distress by which your enemy shall oppress you in your towns.. Deuteronomy 28 Yahweh repeatedly demanded that his covenantal nation trust him. In fact, they would keep for themselves their newborn infants and even the afterbirth even if it meant that their husbands and other children had to do without and starve. Leviticus 26 (More Curses) on Deuteronomy 28 It will be all he has left because of the suffering your enemy will inflict on you during the siege of all your cities. Blessings and curses are directly associated with the covenant God made with the people of Israel, so they should be interpreted within that context. 2. WebCommanded Commandments Commands Complete Curses Decrees Destroyed Destruction Ear Hearken Hearkened Hearkenedst Keeping Laws Moreover Obey 58If you do not carefully follow all the words of this law,(CB) which are written in this book, and do not revere(CC) this glorious and awesome name(CD)the Lord your God 59the Lord will send fearful plagues on you and your descendants, harsh and prolonged disasters, and severe and lingering illnesses. For the terminology see notes on Deuteronomy 28:1. WebAnd the LORD thy God will put all these curses upon thine enemies, and on them that hate thee, which persecuted thee. (:63-68) Hopeless Condition How Bad Will It Get? 42Locusts shall [h]consume all your trees and the produce of your land. Several characteristic examples can be found in the Sefire treaties, three treaties written in Old Aramaic and discovered near present day Aleppo. CURSES IN THE Instead of Israels being set high above all the nations of the earth, all these curses shall come upon you and overtake you (same verbs as 28:2) The presence of this curse language, also found in various ancient Near Eastern treaties, emphasizes the seriousness of infidelity in Israels relationship with Yahweh. Indeed, the text in Deuteronomy seems to build upon and amplify the Akkadian, adding additional clauses that stress the perpetuity of the curse, so you shall never recover with none to give help. Copyright 1982 by Thomas Nelson. In the case of traditions of cursing and treaties, ritual performance could provide a useful perspective with which to think through the connections between these traditions. Many biblical texts and Old Aramaic inscriptions partake in this literary form, with a total of forty-three discrete examples of the futility curse across all biblical books, especially in Deuteronomy 28 and in pre-exilic prophetic texts: Lev. WebThe first of these 12 curses is upon those who would treat their father or mother with contempt. The second speech thus has the pattern of first giving the bigger, governing principles (Deut. Salvation: The Journey of a Lifetime | 4th Sunday of Easter. Join Deuteronomy 28:15-68 NKJV - Curses on Disobedience - But it 20The Lord will send on you curses,(H) confusion and rebuke(I) in everything you put your hand to, until you are destroyed and come to sudden ruin(J) because of the evil(K) you have done in forsaking him. Deuteronomy 28 To escape her misery she will long for night to come and then for the daytime. Michael Grisanti: Verses 3841 present a painful contrast between a significant expenditure of labor and having nothing to show for it. You will be cursed in the city (Deut 28:16) 2. 67In the morning you will say, If only it were evening! and in the evening, If only it were morning!because of the terror that will fill your hearts and the sights that your eyes will see. A Northwest Semitic Curse Formula: The Sefire Treaty and Deuteronomy 28,Zeitschrift fr die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft128: 205-220. 1:4; Ps. Sean on Twitter: "Delivered From The Wrath To ComeThank The LORD will make the rain of your land powder and dust; from heaven it shall come down on you until you are destroyed., The LORD will cause you to be defeated before your enemies; you shall go out one way against them, but you shall flee seven ways before them, and you shall be an example of terror to all the kingdoms of the earth. 6:15, 2 Kin. I also want to stress the importance of these Northwest Semitic inscriptions for understanding the production of biblical literature in general. WebThese blessings shall come upon Gods children as the Lord will cause (Deuteronomy 28:7), command (Deuteronomy 28:8), establish (Deuteronomy 28:9), grant 4, 11, 18) Harvest of crops Fruit of thy cattle ( vv. Hebrew. 60Moreover He will bring back on you all (AS)the diseases of Egypt, of which you were afraid, and they shall cling to you. Salvation: The Journey of a Lifetime | 4th Sunday of Easter. Join Eugene Merrill: To fail to serve would result in Israels being given over to another sovereign whom they would serve until they were utterly decimated (v. 48). Earl Kalland: Blow upon blow continues. 18 On that day the Lord made a covenant with Abram. 53Because of the suffering your enemy will inflict on you during the siege, you will eat the fruit of the womb, the flesh of the sons and daughters the Lord your God has given you. Curses Very often some sort of sign must mark the spot of the treaty agreement. 40 You shall have olive trees throughout your territory but you shall not anoint yourself with the oil, for your olives shall drop off. 8:10; Deuteronomy 28:30: Amos 5:11; Zeph. Moses highlights Israels hopelessness by punctuating the litany of disasters with declarations of the absence of any relief. Because Israel did not serve God, it will serve the enemy (vv. While this method of divine encouragement to keep the commandments of God might seem surprising from a theological point of view, curses were an integral part of the legal, political and religious life of the ancient Near East, found in a variety of ancient texts including the Hebrew Bible, Neo-Assyrian treaties, and Northwest Semitic inscriptions. In Deuteronomy, this is taken further still, thus Impress these My words upon the doorposts of your house and on your gates (Deut. WebChapter 28 is not about reward, because blessing and curses were mere sanctions. Only these curses expand much beyond the blessings. The first image is tragic: Exhibiting no compassion toward his brothers and remaining children, the father refuses to share with them the flesh of his children. 46And they shall be upon (AD)you for a sign and a wonder, and on your descendants forever. In particular, note the Abrahamic covenant of Genesis 15: 7 Then he said to him, I am the Lord who brought you out from Ur of the Kaldeans to assign this land to you as a possession. 8 And he said, O Lord God, how shall I know that I am to possess it? 9 He answered, Bring Me a three-year-old heifer, a three-year-old she-goat, a three-year-old ram, a turtledove, and a young bird. 9 He answered, Bring Me a three-year-old heifer, a three-year-old she-goat, a three-year-old ram, a turtledove, and a young bird. 10 He brought Him all these and cut them in two, placing each half opposite the other; but he did not cut up the bird. The inscriptions are the first and only treaties that have been found in Aramaic, a Northwest Semitic language closely related to Hebrew (for the text see Donner and Rllig 2002; vocalization and translation is my own). (5) The enemy will be heartless, showing no respect for the aged or mercy toward the young. 1:8; Jer. Your Jennie Ebeling --Department of Archaeology and Art History, University of Evansville, Copyright 2000-2023 The Bible and Interpretation| All Rights Reserved |The University of Arizona | Developed bySBS Tech 61The Lord will also bring on you every kind of sickness and disaster not recorded in this Book of the Law,(CF) until you are destroyed. your sheep shall be given to your enemies. The image of the woman who becomes hostile even toward her afterbirth is shocking (vv. WebIn the third portion, Moses describes the blessings Israel will face if they keep the covenant, and the curses that will destroy them if they do not (Deut. 1. 49(AI)The Lord will bring a nation against you from afar, from the end of the earth, (AJ)as swift as the eagle flies, a nation whose language you will not understand, 50a nation of fierce countenance, (AK)which does not respect the elderly nor show favor to the young. That it would sprout thorns. 65And (BA)among those nations you shall find no rest, nor shall the sole of your foot have a resting place; (BB)but there the Lord will give you a [r]trembling heart, failing eyes, and (BC)anguish of soul. The LORD will make the pestilence cling to you until He has consumed you from the land, where you are entering to possess it.. (3) The enemy will speak an unintelligible language. (CT) 66You will live in constant suspense, filled with dread both night and day, never sure of your life. 67(BD)In the morning you shall say, Oh, that it were evening! And at evening you shall say, Oh, that it were morning! because of the fear which terrifies your heart, and (BE)because of the sight which your eyes see. If the ritual aspect of these treaty texts is emphasized, then the need for a formal written translation of the Esarhaddon Treaties may very well be negated. Skip Next. The first three are clearly human diseases (consumption, fever, and inflammation). Deuteronomy: Covenant Curses instincts would prevail when choice had to be made between ones own life and anothers. A sacrifice or ritual slaughter seems to have been inherent to many of the biblical covenants. The potential actions of God described in the verses that follow are not the mindless or capricious acts of an unknown and malevolent deity; they are the just acts of a righteous God whose covenant love would have been spurned by his own people. Join us. (BG) 47Because you did not serve(BH) the Lord your God joyfully and gladly(BI) in the time of prosperity, 48therefore in hunger and thirst,(BJ) in nakedness and dire poverty, you will serve the enemies the Lord sends against you. Blessings and Curses | Truth in Reality By means of a seemingly endless catalogue of secondary agents of doom, Moses warns that Yahweh will marshal every conceivable agent of destruction against his people. Mildew seems to involve pathological yellowing of grain, attributable to plant disease, inadequate nutrients in the soil, or drought. Deuteronomy 28:16 (KJV) Cursed shalt WebNow, Deuteronomy 28 has a long and detailed list of curses, and I want to focus on the curses that cover sicknesses and diseases that Jesus has redeemed you and me from: Consumption (diseases that cause your lungs to waste away), fever, and inflammation (Deut. 2002. What does Deuteronomy 24 teach about divorce. Holy Bible, New International Version, NIV Copyright 1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica, Inc. Used by permission. 6:9-8). All rights reserved. 56-57a). (:64) Scattered and Subjected to Foreign Bondage, Moreover, the LORD will scatter you among all peoples, from one end of the earth to the other end of the earth; and there you shall serve other gods, wood and stone, which you or your fathers have not known., And among those nations you shall find no rest, and there shall be no resting place for the sole of your foot; but there the LORD will give you a trembling heart, failing of eyes, and despair of soul. God had delivered her from bondage in Egypt, but the people would voluntarily return to that misery and in such a humiliated condition that no Egyptian would purchase them as slaves. No software to install. Transliteration. MacArthur: v. 30 These 3 curses were in contrast to the exemptions from military service granted in 20:5-7. 8:7), could this practice of Targum have also played a role in any aural ceremony? If we are to understand anything about the composition of the Hebrew Bible, especially in comparison with texts from the ancient Near East, we must first nuance our attempts with detailed consideration of the writing culture of the ancient Levant incorporating oral and written modes of literary transmission, the Northwest Semitic literary remains, scribal practice, and bilingualism. Settings Sign up now for the latest news and deals from Bible Gateway! 23And (H)your heavens which are over your head shall be bronze, and the earth which is under you shall be iron. Ramos, Melissa. . Matthew 15:1-20 Defilement Is a Heart Issue, Matthew 14:22-36 Walking on Water Growing Insight into the Identity of Jesus, Matthew 14:13-21 Miraculous Feeding of the 5,000 Messianic Provision, Matthew 14:1-12 The Beheading of John the Baptist Speaking Truth to Depraved Power Can Cost You Dearly, Matthew 13:53-58 No Home Court Advantage for Prophets Just Rejection. WebDeuteronomy 28 Deuteronomy 28:1-14 Moses then presents the blessings and curses that will relate to the obedience of the people to Gods Commandments The Unlike the Esarhaddon Treaty, these inscriptions are written in Old Aramaic, a Northwest Semitic language utilized in Syria during the first millennium BCE. If you have any questions, please review our Privacy Policy or email us at privacy@biblegateway.com. 30(O)You shall betroth a wife, but another man shall lie with her; (P)you shall build a house, but you shall not dwell in it; (Q)you shall plant a vineyard, but shall not gather its grapes. 28:30 (x3), 31 (x3), 38, 39, 40, 41; Isa. The gentlest soul would abandon all restraint and loyalty and in his hour of self-preservation would feed upon his own precious loved ones (v. 54), not retaining a shred of generosity toward others in similar plight (v. 55). ANEM, 8; Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature. The motifs in this section of text are characteristic of the scriptural and inscriptional Northwest Semitic texts found in Old Aramaic and in the Hebrew Bible, utilizing a similar repertoire of language and stock images of vineyards and olive groves, all couched in the syntax of a maximum effort but a minimal gain. 61Also every sickness and every plague, which is not written in this Book of the Law, will the Lord bring upon you until you are destroyed. (:47-57) DESTRUCTIVE CONSEQUENCES OF A SIEGE BY FOREIGN ENEMIES. 11:18-20; cf. 18Cursed shall be the [a]fruit of your body and the produce of your land, the increase of your cattle and the offspring of your flocks. Their carcasses shall become food for the birds of the sky and the beasts of the earth. Building Houses and Planting Vineyards: The Inner-Biblical Discourse on an Ancient Israelite Wartime Curse,Journal of Biblical Literature127: 19-35. Deuteronomy 28 - "Blessings & Curses" - Christ The Redeemer (AD) You will plant a vineyard, but you will not even begin to enjoy its fruit. Deuteronomy 28 (:30b) The Futility of Home Construction, you shall build a house, but you shall not live in it;, c. (:30c) The Futility of Agricultural Labors, you shall plant a vineyard, but you shall not use its fruit., d. (:31) The Futility of Owning Livestock. Deuteronomy 28 Blessings and Curses - Calvary Chapel While linked in substance, the styles of these bookends differ. 50+ reference books. 39You shall plant vineyards and tend them, but you shall neither drink of the (AB)wine nor gather the grapes; for the worms shall eat them. WebDeuteronomy 28 Fruit of thy body ( vv. 68And the Lord (BF)will take you back to Egypt in ships, by the way of which I said to you, (BG)You shall never see it again. And there you shall be offered for sale to your enemies as male and female slaves, but no one will buy you.. Used by permission. 2:20; 4:10, Lev. The reference to the long-range effects of Yahwehs actions against Israel in verse 46 represents the most striking difference between these borders: They will be a sign and wonder forever. (AI) 35The Lord will afflict your knees and legs with painful boils(AJ) that cannot be cured, spreading from the soles of your feet to the top of your head. WebDeuteronomy 28 1 If you fully obey the LORD your God and carefully follow all his commands I give you today, the LORD your God will set you high above all the nations By Laura Quick (4) The enemy will be fierce-looking (lit., strong of face), which expresses both the terror of a victim and the resolve of the attacker. Deuteronomy 28 BEST VALUE in digital Bible study. Moreover, the reduction of numbers from the uncountable stars to the remnant is a deliberate harking back to the covenant promise made to Abraham that his offspring would be as multitudinous as the stars (Gen 15:5; 22:17; cf. Michael Grisanti: This last indictment (walls in which you trust, v.52) is Israels fundamental problem. Nevertheless, on too many occasions in the face of an insuperable challenge (humanly speaking), the chosen nation either turned back (cf. Deuteronomy, Holman Old Testament Commentary by Doug McIntosh. (AC) You will build a house, but you will not live in it. Deuteronomy 27-28: Curses And Blessings - Daily Readings 12:11; Job 31:10; Jer. He will put an iron yoke(BK) on your neck(BL) until he has destroyed you. Bible Gateway Deuteronomy 28 :: NIV - Massachusetts Institute . Our Challenge: We will publicly debate any "Bible Theologian" on the curses WebThe curses are terribleexile, worship of pagan idols, being beaten in battle, vicious attack, infertile soil and unproductive efforts, even to the extent of starvation under siege, such Deuteronomy. 35The Lord will strike you in the knees and on the legs with severe boils which cannot be healed, and from the sole of your foot to the top of your head. They will leave you no grain, new wine(BR) or olive oil,(BS) nor any calves of your herds or lambs of your flocks until you are ruined. Redeemed from Every Curse Crouch, Carly L. 2014. How mysterious is the work of the Spirit! 39You will plant vineyards and cultivate them but you will not drink the wine(AV) or gather the grapes, because worms will eat(AW) them. In this way, it could be said that the curses of Deuteronomy 28 parallel those of the Aramaic epigraphs and the Neo-Assyrian treaty texts due to the reality of the ritual world of the scribes, rather than because of any particular written tradition at their disposal. Give an example of how someone could treat a parent in this fashion. Assistant Professor of Religion and Judaic Studies 54The [k]sensitive and very refined man among you (AN)will[l] be hostile toward his brother, toward (AO)the wife of his bosom, and toward the rest of his children whom he leaves behind, 55so that he will not give any of them the flesh of his children whom he will eat, because he has nothing left in the siege and desperate straits in which your enemy shall distress you at all your gates. The past few decades have brought to light additional inscriptions that also provide paralleled phenomena to the curses in Deuteronomy 28. The traditional formulation of the Deuteronomy // Esarhaddon Treaties hypothesis is concerned with Deuteronomy 28:26-35 in comparison with EST 39-42 (for the text, see Parpola and Watanabe 1987; vocalization and translation is my own). Thus these inscriptions are both geographically and linguistically closer to the biblical world than the Mesopotamian texts which scholars have previously referred to Deuteronomy 28. The second speech thus has the pattern of first giving the bigger, governing principles (Deut. 19:9; Lam. Scripture taken from the New King James Version. All the curses written in this book will fall on them, and the Lord will blot out their names from under heaven. (:16-19) Comprehensive Spheres of Cursing, Cursed shall be your basket and your kneading bowl., Cursed shall be the offspring of your body, the increase of your herd and the young of your flock., and cursed shall you be when you go out., II. (:15) Condition for Cursing = Disobedience. Root Strong's. This foreign nation was described as coming from a far distance from Israel, a nation that would arise quickly and one that would completely devastate the Land. In Joshua 24, a large stone acts as witness to all the words that the Lord spoke to us. A standing stone is also utilized in the ratification of the covenant between two human actors, so Jacob and Laban in Genesis 31; while it is a tamarisk tree that marks the spot of the agreement between Abraham and Abimelech in Genesis 21. Web7 The Lord will grant that the enemies who rise up against you will be defeated before you. Those normally exempted from military service would be forced to fight and be killed. (AZ) 42Swarms of locusts(BA) will take over all your trees and the crops of your land. Day, John. Meanwhile, across the corpus of Old Aramaic inscriptions, there are nineteen occurrences of the futility curse, stemming from three separate inscriptions datable within the range of the ninth to the eighth centuries BCE, and with a geographic distribution across the Trans- and Cisjordan: from the Tell Fakhariyah bilingual inscription (x6); the Sefire treaties (x11); and the recently discovered stele from Bukn (x2). Here God chastises the men who violated his covenant, recalling when they had passed between the two halves of a sacrificed calf, and threatening that he will make these men like that calf. English Hebrew. A. Deut 1:10; 10:22). Daniel Block: Both panels also depict men and women turning against members of their own families. The curses of Deuteronomy 28 and the Hebrew Israelites See also Deuteronomy 28:2 in other biblical comments: Adam Clarke Bible Commentary. (AN) 37You will become a thing of horror,(AO) a byword(AP) and an object of ridicule(AQ) among all the peoples where the Lord will drive you.(AR). Certainly this is the logic that underlines the treaty formalized between Jacob and Laban, and the mound of witness that acts as the sign of their covenant, named in Aramaic by Laban, and in Hebrew by Jacob (Genesis 31:47). Daniel Block: These verses echo Leviticus 26:19, which also portrays the heavens as a sheet of metal preventing moisture above the firmament from watering the earth, and the ground as hardened and resisting cultivation. 2 Sam 24:13; 1 Kgs 8:37; Ezek 5:12; Amos 4:10), but in its finality it speaks metaphorically of the affliction of deportation (Lev 26:25) or disinheritance (Num 14:12).
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list of curses in deuteronomy 28