21st Century Die Body for expanders. With the exception of free cities, which were subject directly to the empire, the influence of the emperor in all secular and spiritual territories was very restricted. On 2 July 1500, during the reign of Emperor Maximilian I, the Empire was divided into Imperial Circles in the wake of the Imperial Reform movement. Werner K. Blessing, Dieter Wei (eds. The Grumbach Feud, which reached its climax with the attack by William of Grumbach on Wrzburg, and the Second Margrave War were decided and settled by powers that did not belong to the Franconian Circle. Get them while they last!21st Century Shooting Expander Mandrels when used with our 21st Century Shooting Expander Die Body will expand the case neck for proper fit on the turning arbor. The Battle of Merkendorf lasted three days. 21st Century Expander Mandrels - Setting consistent Neck Tension You are using an out of date browser. For example, the Cosmographer of Ravenna in the 7thcentury, wrote that the rivers Naab and Regen in today's Upper Palatinate joined the Danube in the land of the Thuringians. ALL Bulletin content is copyrighted, 2023 AccurateShooter.com. Bamberg forests in the vicinity of Nuremberg were declared as Imperial Forests (Reichswldern) and the market rights of Frth were transferred from Bamberg to Nuremberg. They are also believed to have had a site on the Wettenburg near Urphar. Shortly thereafter, at least by the mid-7thcentury, Slavs from the east began to settle the northeastern parts of the region. 338 dude Well-Known Member Joined Mar 1, 2016 Messages 5,531 Location Tn Aug 14, 2020 #9 In the end the margrave failed and had to confine himself to his original estates. But by no later than 500AD, many of these hill forts appear to have been destroyed. 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; A feature of Franconia in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Period was its Kleinstaaterei, an extreme fragmentation into little states and territories. Soon the uprisings had spread and affected the bishoprics of Bamberg and Wrzburg. Snipers Hide is a community of Snipers of all kinds, focusing on long range shooting, accuracy, and ballistics. I check mine with guage pins and re-run the ones under spec. The Frankish king Dagobert I appointed a man named Hruodi in the central communications hub of Wurzburg to be the duke over the Main lands. rwj. The notorious robber knight, Hans Thomas of Absberg, regularly kidnapped merchants and noblemen in the Franconian region. It is a place to teach, to learn, and to collaborate and interact. 3-5. The attack brought Gunzenhausen negative press coverage across the world. Numerous refugee camps sprang up, such as the Wlzburg. Turning mandrels (.002 under) usually yield .0025 tension. The Wrzburg Residence was heavily damaged. With an expander mandrel, Im assuming he Takes the expander button out of his dies. Expander mandrels are far superior to the expanding devices found in most reloading dies. DISCLAIMER: This video and description contains affiliate links, which means that if you click on one of the product links, Ill receive a small commission. Running new brass over an Used in our Model A Neck Turning Tool, these stainless steel Neck Turning Mandrels are sized to work in conjunction with PMA Expanding Mandrels. As a result, the Swedes started the Battle of the Alte Veste and suffered heavy losses. OK to 600meters? The state of Wrttemberg-Baden was founded on 19 September 1945. Its history began with the first recorded human settlement about 600,000 years ago. To protect cultural artefacts, the Historic Art Bunker was built below Nuremberg Castle where, among other things, the Imperial Regalia, the Cracow altarpiece, the Erdapfel and the Codex Manesse were kept. Based on our proven technology these products will reduce friction and galling, they are as hard as carbide and as slick as graphite 21st Century Shooting Expander Mandrels when used with our 21st Century Shooting Expander Die Body will expand the case neck for proper fit on the turning arbor. But because Prussia retained possession of the principalities of Ansbach and Bayreuth it also had a large territorial presence in Franconia and sought to broadening its local power base. [11] The political affiliation of Franconia to Bavaria and other states remained beyond questions during the Nazi era, however, but was inconsequential as a result of the Nazi policy of Gleichschaltung of the states. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); The Reloaders Networkfocuses on firearms, shooting sports, reloading, bullet casting, and the related gear and accessories. Originally destined for a career in the church, Philip was therefore one of the few German kings who could read and write. The last Carolingian, Louis the Child, finally seized a number of their estates and granted it to members of the Conradine clan, a wealthy family from Rhenish Franconia. Bavaria in turn exchanged the Wrzburg area at the Congress of Vienna for the Habsburg territories right of the River Inn. The mandrel worked great to bring the cases back to proper size. Also available in our Neck-Up mandrels for 22cal 6mm and 6mm 30cal. TiN coating will also be looked into eventually also. 21st Century Shooting Expander Mandrels when used with our 21st Century Shooting Expander Die Body will expand the case neck for proper fit on the turning arbor. If you havent already done it, changing your case prep routine from hand to power will save hours of time and wear and tear on you hands. SINCLAIR INTERNATIONAL https://www.brownells.com/brands/sinclair-international/. As a result, they often turned away from trading and became robber barons. This is to even out the insides prior to bullet seating. In addition to the dioceses of Wrzburg and Bamberg, and the greater nobility there were the numerous knightly estates (Ritterschaften) of the lower nobility. According to recent investigations, however, the expansion of Thuringian power into the area of the River Main is not established with certainty. This area was populated by the Marcomanni until, following their defeat by Rome roughly between 7 and 3 BC, they moved away further to the east into present-day Bohemia and were replaced by other Elbe Germanic tribes such as the Hermunduri. Since 1990, the term South Thuringia has been very well established. Caliber Specific Expander Mandrel. Otto the Great often stayed in Franconia, including the time in 957 when he met with his rebellious son, Liudolf of Swabia, in Zenna (today Langenzenn) in the Palatinate near Nuremberg. Amazing quality, runs smoothly, very slick and sizes to perfection! Nevertheless, for a further 16 years, Franconia was beset by raids, the quartering of troops, the passage of armies, the extortion of financial contributions and plague epidemics. The Battle of Crailsheim lasted 16 days and the Battle of Wrzburg seven days. Around 741/742, the first Franconian bishopric was founded under Saint Boniface: the Bishopric of Wrzburg. Expanding Mandrels are available in the following calibers: 17, 20, 22, 6mm, 25, 6.5mm, 270, 7mm, 30 and 338. . _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. For example, Nuremberg and Schweinfurt were Free Imperial Cities, while the areas around Wrzburg and Bamberg were ruled by the Church as a bishopric. Another thing, you said you didnt anneal because they are only once fired. You must log in or register to reply here. These are replacement cutters for our PMA Neck Turning Tools. Usually the best and the simplest way is to use a regular full length resizing die (non bushing) and temporarily remove the decapping rod and its exapnder for that die. Another helmet of this era was discovered at Ebing near Bamberg. In 1007, the later canonized Henry II founded the Bishopric of Bamberg and provided it with rich estates. For centuries afterwards, the lower levels of society were excluded from political life as a result of this rebellion and threat to law and order. LE Wilson is just 10 miles away in Cashmere, WA and I think he has the body or whatever you call it with a slot in it I guess to see what's happening and I need that to get to use the mandrels. In Frth even individual houses were assigned to one of three lords ("triumvirate"). Compare Temple At the end of April nearly 20,000 peasants assembled outside Wrzburg, where the bishop had moved into Marienberg. Although the bishops of Wrzburg continued to bear the ancient title of the dukes of Franconia, they had no practical sovereignty over the whole region. These expanders are meant to match the size of Outside Neck Turn mandrels and are under the caliber size. However, in the late Bronze Age, a warrior elite of the so-called Urnfield culture (1200-800BC) began to establish themselves on hilltops like the Ehrenbrg, the Hesselberg or the Marienberg above Wrzburg. Overall, however, Franconia continued to be sharply politically as well as religiously divided. This resulted in the Emperor, Charles V outlawing Absberg by imposing the Imperial Ban. Product Family #: 6249226812. In limited numbers at a time and probably commencing with 25cal and 6.5cal. You are half that or less. Dutch (also Van den Tempel, Van der Tempel): habitational name for someone from any of various places called De Tempel.. It is characterised by its own cultural and linguistic heritage. These demands also met with broad approval in large parts of Franconia. Choose either of the two lengths available of these bodies. 21st Century Innovation - Steel Specific Diameter Expander Mandrel - 6mm .241, 21st Century Innovation - Steel Specific Diameter Expander Mandrel - 6mm .2405, 21st Century Innovation - Steel Specific Diameter Expander Mandrel - 6mm .240, 21st Century Innovation - Steel Specific Diameter Expander Mandrel - 6mm .2415, 21st Century Innovation - Steel Specific Diameter Expander Mandrel - 6mm .242, 21st Century Innovation - Steel Specific Diameter Expander Mandrel - 6mm .2425, 21st Century Innovation - Steel Specific Diameter Expander Mandrel - 6mm .243, 21st Century Innovation - Steel Specific Diameter Expander Mandrel - 6mm .2435, 21st Century Innovation - Steel Specific Diameter Expander Mandrel - 6mm .244, 21st Century Innovation - Steel Specific Diameter Expander Mandrel - 6.5mm .261, 21st Century Innovation - Steel Specific Diameter Expander Mandrel - 6.5mm .2615, 21st Century Innovation - Steel Specific Diameter Expander Mandrel - 6.5mm .262. Bullet TIR definitely improved on the cases had the mouth expanded in a separate pass. 1"; not until 1522 was it first referred to as the "Franconian Circle".[6]. Posted by Michael Ouimette on 27th Jun 2021. 21st Century Expander Mandrels | Rokslide Forum You may not reproduce original text or photos without advanced permission in writing. Initially, it was only called "Circle No. In the Wrzburg area numerous castles and monasteries were burned down. He was not able to prevail over Henry however. Thank you. 6.5 Creedmoor. K&M Expand Mandrel for Expand Iron Assembly. After the Battle of Breitenfeld in September 1631 Swedish troops under Gustavus Adolphus advanced to Franconia. $21.50 (in stock) Quick View. All necks were lubed with the Redding dry lube btw. Thus the Franconian territories of the Zollerns were gathered into independent principalities. Since parts of the Bishopric of Wrzburg also fell to Bamberg, Wrzburg received several of the royal estates from Henry II as a fiefdom in compensation, including Meininger Mark and the royal estate of Meiningen in Grabfeldgau.[4]. These are identified with engraving of the Prefix E and then the calibre. So I have two procedures - one for brass prepped to be turned and one for already turned brass. Only the king and his subordinate leadership were likely to have been fully Christian. In this video we go over the expander mandrels from 21st Century Reloading and discuss how to use them to achieve the best accuracy possible. List Price: $14.50. The counts of Zollern achieved particular importance when they inherited the Burgraviate of Nuremberg in 1192. 21st Century now makes many incremental sizes too. In 742 or possibly even a little later, Saint Willibald founded the Bishopric of Eichstatt, which included the southeastern parts of Franconia, but also parts of Bavaria and Alemannic areas. In the longer term, however, the Germanic-Roman frontier was established further southwest.[1]. Customers Also Viewed Expander Die Body with Lock Ring PMA Tool $32.95 When Bavaria, Swabia and Saxony rose up against the king, Franconia became one of the most important bases of support for the king. For bullet grip expanding there is a special range made for these tasks. Typical of the territorial lordship in Franconia continued to be the territorium non clausum (German: nichtabgeschlossenes Gebiet or "non-contiguous area"), i.e. Caliber Specific Expander Mandrel Kits Buy Online Whats New Chart Printable Instructions Mail in Order Form Claims-Returns-Warranty Hours and Closures Contact Anyone serious about hand loading will appreciate our products. . Under the turbulent reign of his son, Henry IV, however, Forchheim and Frth fell to Bamberg again. The picture looks like they might fit. Consequently, the Franks therefore remained loyal to the crown under Otto and his immediate successors. In those areas that were heavily affected by the exclusion zone around the old Inner German Border - the districts of Sonneberg and Hildburghausen the inhabitants were constantly confronted with their broken links to Upper Bavaria and Lower Franconia, which anchored and heightened their sense of belonging to Franconia across the border. 21st Century TiN Neck Turning Expander Mandrel Used with the expander die body to straighten up some new Lapua cases that were deformed during shipping. Expanding Mandrels are available in the following calibers: 17, 20, 22, 6mm, 25, 6.5mm, 270, 7mm, 30 and 338 Also available in our Neck-Up mandrels for 22cal - 6mm and 6mm - 30cal. Thereafter, no successor was appointed and the Frankish duchy was directly subordinated to the king. In 1945, Bavaria and Baden-Wrttemberg shouldered the structural transformation of their land from a largely agriculturally-dominated region into a leading industrial region. There are several options available for receiving notifications of new posts to include via email, push notifications, Facebook, Twitter, Reddit, Discord, and more. A further battle occurred near the town of Meiningen in the Bishopric of Wrzburg between episcopal troops and the peasant mob known as the Bildhausen Haufen, in which the peasants were defeated. The peasants suffered heavy losses both in terms of life and crops. Its history began with the first recorded human settlement about 600,000 years ago. Can't wait to see if it tightens my groups. You can tune neck tension with different size bushings used with FL-sizing or neck-sizing dies. Well made precision mandrel. In the far south the ministerialis family of Pappenheim shielded Franconia from the Duchy of Bavaria. Precision CNC machined from very high grade stainless steel.Our Mandrels and Arbors are engraved: E = Expanding Mandrel T = Turning Arbor For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. Depending on the brass I push the mandrel into the neck twice, I get better bullet seating depth consistency doing this. The carbide expander gently moves the neck to roughly 2 thousands under 308 diameter. The most important areas in the present day region of Franconia were, apart from bishoprics and Hohenstaufen allodial estates, the Meranian lands and the counties of Henneberg, Greifenstein, Wiltberg, Rieneck, Wertheim, Castell, Hohenlohe, Truhendingen and Abenberg. Franconia (German: Franken) is a region that is not precisely defined, but which lies in the north of the Free State of Bavaria, parts of Baden-Wrttemberg and South Thuringia and Hesse in Germany.It is characterised by its own cultural and linguistic heritage. Eberhard of Franconia fell in 939 in the Battle of Andernach fighting Henry's son, Otto the Great. Further west, a similar group, the Odenwald Haufen was formed, led by Gtz von Berlichingen. var _gaq = _gaq || []; Another was built on the Gleichberge: the largest surviving oppidum in Central Germany, the Steinsburg. Franconia itself was initially no immediate battleground, but due to its central location within the Empire it was frequently traversed by plundering armies. I asked them via email but never received a response. She was born in Bavaria from German parents but she is raised in Piombino (Tuscany). In the mid-9th century, the Stem Duchy of Franconia emerged, one of the five stem duchies of the East Francian Empire. All our products are made in the United States. This defensive line bisected the south of Franconia and describes an arc through the region whose northernmost point was located at today's Gunzenhausen. Present-day Franconia, however, only covers the eastern part of this duchy. It is occasionally speculated that this was the Thuringian duke, Radulf. Because you are working from the inside out, variances in neck-wall thickness become less important. From the 9th century on, the Main area was referred to as East Francia (Francia Orientalis). . The Catholics responded in 1609 by forming a counter-alliance, the Catholic League, in which princes, especially the prelates, gathered themselves under Maximilian I of Bavaria. This page was last edited on 5 February 2023, at 18:49. As the princely mercenary army advanced with 3,000 horsemen and 9,000 Landsknecht infantry, the farmers under Gtz von Berlichingen positioned themselves for battle at Lauda-Knigshofen, but their situation in the face of well-equipped troops was hopeless. Keeping the expander ball in during the resizing pass showed the same variance I saw before. From then on, it was run through the districts of Erfurt, Gera and Suhl. These are the 21st Century Expander mandrels used as a preparation tool prior to outside neck turning cases. PMA Tool. . Please leave your valid email address below. Is that right or not? Just a bore mop? Does anybody use expander twice ? After the Battle of the White Hill in 1620, where the Catholic League were victorious, Emperor Ferdinand II began a comprehensive re-Catholicisation. what is your loaded round neck measuring? But north of the former Limes, for example on the Ehrenbrg, the Staffelberg or the Houbirg, more such "Gau castles" (Gauburgen) have been detected. Expander Mandrel/Die Body Storage Block - 21st Century Innovation Imperial Dry Neck Lube Convenience Pak - Redding Reloading Equipment: reloading equipment for rifles, handguns, pistols, revolvers and SAECO bullet casting equipment, https://www.amazon.com/s?k=Hi-Line+Precision&ref=bl_dp_s_mw_0, Sizing die with Mandrel vs Separate Mandrel Die. _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-6323545-2']); This site uses cookies to improve your experience. The Luther Bible was printed in Nuremberg and was dispatched across the German-speaking world in huge numbers to become the standard German Bible. Around this time lived the famous poet, Wolfram von Eschenbach, who came from Wolframs-Eschenbach. Expander Mandrel (.307"), Remington and Kelbly (Bolt Dia .695 - .700), Replacement Cutters (PMA Pumpkin Sinclair), Action Wrenches, Barrel Vises & Gunsmithing Tools, All Action Wrenches, Barrel Vises & Gunsmithing Tools, All Reloading & Case Cleaning Miscellaneous, PMA Neck Turning Tool Cutter (always carbide), PMA Driver for Case Holders Large Rifle Primer. Check out these at 21st Century Reloading: Mandrels: http://www.xxicsi.com/caliber-specific-expander-mandrels.html Die Body: http://www.xxicsi.com/expander-die-body.html, Amazon Affiliate links to the books mentioned: (a portion of the price you pay helps support the Channel at no extra cost to you), Top Grade Ammo book: https://amzn.to/2VTTtLy, Check out my Amazon Store front: (affiliate link), https://www.amazon.com/shop/boltactionreloading, (a portion of the price you pay helps support the Channel at no extra cost to you). In First Margrave War (1449-1450) the Zollern, Albert Achilles of Brandenburg-Ansbach, tried to gain supremacy over Franconia and unsuccessfully besieged the free imperial city of Nuremberg. Berger shipment. Tip #2: These expander system may or may not suit for a different task. Immediately after this transfer of power the Prussian provincial governor (Provinzstatthalter), Hardenberg, secured sole dominion for Prussia in these areas with military force and thus forcibly replaced territorium clausum with Prussian national sovereignty. In 1805, in an exchange of land with Bavaria, the House of Habsburg secured for itself the territory of the former Bishopric of Wrzburg as a foundation for its Tuscan side line, while Bavaria was compensated with the lands of the former Bishoprics of Eichsttt, Trient and Brixen and the County of Tyrol. James Crofts, past National F-TR Champion, says WooHoo great news!. Born in Germany, she represents Italy internationally. In the Principalities of Ansbach and Bayreuth this did not change until the late 18th century. Thank you for the support! As a result, it never became a strong regional power during the Middle Ages like the duchies of Saxony, Bavaria and Swabia. Our mandrels are longer than other expanding mandrels and feature a special dual We've improved our Model A with an updated cutter with more relief to keep the mandrel cooler and be able to remove more brass faster. The Andechs family, originally Bavarian nobles, occupied a dominant position in Upper Franconia with the Duchy of Merania, until the death of Otto VIII in 1248 when it was divided among other ruling families. These tools allow us to set consistent Neck tension as well as maintain concentricity. The Rheinbundakte sanctioned these unilateral actions in Article 25. Videos on this channel are for informative, and entertainment purposes only. I don't think Sinclair has different madrel sizes for a certain caliber. Longer cartridges (like a 7mm Rem Mag for example) would work better in the longer body. Under the Hohenstaufen kings, ConradIII and Frederick Barbarossa, Franconia became the centre of gravity of their land. However, in southern Thuringia, knowledge of its linguistic links to Franconia has been fairly widespread. Our mandrels are longer than other expanding mandrels and feature a special dual taper which expands both on the up and down stroke of the press to more uniformly expand and straighten case necks. The Franconian Circle, which was formed as a result of this restructuring, became decisive in the creation of a Franconian national identity. An example of that is Frth, where the Imperial City of Nuremberg, the Margrave of Ansbach and the Bishop of Bamberg all had sovereign rights. Get the nitrided version if getting 21st century. On 1 December 1945, the state of Hesse was founded. The content presented here is intended to inform, to educate, and even to entertain. The town of Bamberg, however, was almost completely spared. From the time that the counts of Zollern were awarded with the March of Brandenburg in 1415, their Frankish possessions were also designated as margraviates. Wrttemberg-Baden was also part of the American zone. On my amp annealed brass, sized minimally, usually .004 under, my expander mandrels (.001 under) yield too little neck tension. This helps support the channel and allows us to continue to make videos like this. After Die Wende, the peaceful revolution in the GDR, the state of Thuringia was reinstated by the State Introduction Act of 22 July 1990 (effective 14 October 1990), eleven days after the German reunification, from the Bezirke of Erfurt, Gera and Suhl and the districts of Altenburg and Schmlln and Artern. Nuremberg concluded an alliance with Sweden under public pressure and supplied troops and cannon. By viewing or flagging this video you are acknowledging the above. Founded by Frank Galli in 2000, Snipers Hide has been offering informational videos, podcasts, and other support to its users in one location. Fits into both the STD press adapter or Long adapter from 21st century Shooting. Upper Franconia appears to have had a relationship with Bohemian culture groups until their conquest by the Franks. I, nos. I know, .001" tension, after springback, maybe .0015, thats what I was looking for, we will se on paper whats going on with all that at 600 meters. In spite of all that, Franconia fragmented into a Kleinstaaterei. Although Henry of Schweinfurt kept the castles of Hersbruck, Creuen, Kronach, Burgkunstadt and Banz, he lost his comital estates and royal fiefdoms. These tools allow us to set consistent neck tension as well as maintain concentricity. The most important were the counts of Rieneck, the counts of Wertheim and the House of Hohenlohe in the west, the counts of Henneberg, Truhendingen and Orlamnde in the north and the Schlsselberg and counts of Castell in the centre. Titanium Nitride coating Fits into both the STD press adapter or Long adapter from 21st century Shooting These are identified with engraving of the Prefix "E" and then the calibre. Under the Salian, HenryIII, Nuremberg, first recorded in 1050, was expanded into a new centre of power for the royal authority. We (including YouTube) will not be held liable for any injury to yourself or damage to your firearms resulting from attempting anything shown in any our videos. ), This Coach Gun Is Massive !!! In addition to the Lutheranism, the Radical Reformation Baptist movement began to spread early on across Franconia. Check out [], Base - Turret Head Stacking System - Lyman All-American 8, Lee Precision Automatic Processing Press (App) Bulge Buster Kit. Precision CNC machined from very high grade stainless steel. It is clear that an autochthonous Elbe Germanic people group dominated this area as a bearer of tradition. Contact Form 7 or GravityForms plugin is required! Introducing the Slippery black Expanders, this new products will revolutionize the way you reload. Until about the 8thcentury, the region, which was becoming increasingly important to the Empire, still had no independent name. In this video we go over the expander mandrels from 21st Century Reloading and discuss how to use them to achieve the best accuracy possible. Check out these at 21st Century Reloading:Mandrels: http://www.xxicsi.com/caliber-specific-expander-mandrels.htmlDie Body: http://www.xxicsi.com/expander-die-body.htmlAmazon Affiliate links to the books mentioned: (a portion of the price you pay helps support the Channel at no extra cost to you)Top Grade Ammo book: https://amzn.to/2VTTtLyCheck out my Amazon Store front: (affiliate link)https://www.amazon.com/shop/boltactionreloading(a portion of the price you pay helps support the Channel at no extra cost to you)DISCLAIMER: This video and description contains affiliate links, which means that if you click on one of the product links, Ill receive a small commission. The 7th United States Army took these strongholds. The majority of the population in the area probably continued to follow pagan practices well into the Early Middle Ages. More likely, however, is that even at that time the Franks had established their own duchy, to create a counterweight to the powerful Thuringian duke. Perfect for necking 220 Russian up to 6mm for PPC and 6BR up to 30 caliber for 30BR. After the death of his brother, Henry VI, he was supposed to take the throne as his successor. On being murdered, he and his companions became martyrs. In the course of the Iron Age which followed (from about 800BC), the Celts became the first identifiable tribe in the region. In many cases, however, it was probably conquest by the Franks that spelt the end of these hilltop settlements. I graphite the neck real good before hand of every case and this has tightened my groups substantially.. Non of the dies have expander balls in them. A particularly large site from this period was located on the Heunischenburg near Kronach in Upper Franconia. In 1608 the territorial princes of the Empire that had adopted the Reformation formed a Protestant Union. To oversee it, the Romans built several forts, such as Biriciana near Weienburg or Ruffenhofen at the foot of the Hesselberg. Precision CNC machined from very high grade stainless steel. You can benefit from these precision mandrels, trust us. At the end of the Second World War, these dispossessed people streamed from Germany's former eastern territories as well as from Eastern and Southeastern Europe to Bavaria, since it was had been conquered by American troops at the end of the war. 21st Expander only gives .001 neck tension. Coburg Land, then part of the Electorate of Saxony, was actually one of the main centres of the Reformation movement.
21st century expander mandrel