haglund deformity orthobullets

You may also need to use crutches for a few days or weeks. 1. Place the other leg in front, with the knee bent. If pain and other symptoms are severe, surgery can correct the underlying issue and provide relief. Once suspected, weight-bearing lateral foot radiographs should be first performed to characterize bony changes, however, angle measurements and the morphology of the calcaneum correlate poorly with symptoms 8. prominent bursal projection of the calcaneum ("pump-bump") or Haglund deformity, loss of the Kager triangle due to retrocalcaneal bursitis, Achilles tendon measuring >9 mm in thickness indicating Achilles tendinopathy, convexity of the soft tissues posterior to the Achilles tendon insertion due to superficial retro-Achilles bursitis. Clin. Haglunds deformity is a bony bump or ridge that appears on the back of the heel bone, where the Achilles tendon attaches to the heel. Changing footwear and doing exercises may help, but some people might need surgery. Outcome of Calcaneoplasty in Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy Towson, MD 21204 This gives the tendon a chance to rest before initiating therapy. Patients with a Haglund's deformity may or may not have pain. This type of surgery is generally considered safe and has a high success rate. To some extent, heredity plays a role in Haglund's . About OrthoInfoEditorial Board Our ContributorsOur Subspecialty Partners Contact Us, Privacy PolicyTerms & Conditions Linking Policy AAOS Newsroom Find an FAAOS Surgeon. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. In: Brukner P, Bahr R, Blair S, Cook J, Crossley K, McConnell J, McCrory P, Noakes T, Khan K. Clinical Sports Medicine: 4th edition. doi:10.26717/BJSTR.2021.35.005759, Agyekum EK, Ma K. Heel pain: A systematic review. In addition, wound infections can occur and may be difficult to treat in this location on the body. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. 4. Here are several potential causes of Haglunds deformity: A tendency to walk on the outside of the heel A tight Achilles tendon High arches Many times, these defective foot structures are inherited. Learn tips for choosing the right shoes, stretching, and home care. Improving orthopaedic care, education and research using Internet technologies. Pain in the Achilles region. All are aimed at eliminating pressure and In fact, research has shown significantly decreased tendon strength after steroid injection. 1982;144 (1): 83-8. Data Trace is the publisher of (2005) ISBN:1841841951. However, extended use of a boot is discouraged because it can weaken the calf muscle. Inflammation is noted at the insertion of the Achilles tendon, posterior heel, and in the retrocalcaneal bursa. Severely restricted ankle joint mobility. 1999-2017 Orthogate. Haglund's deformity is often called "pump bump" because the rigid backs of pump-style shoes can create pressure that aggravates the enlargement when walking. 2008;18 (2): 91-8. FAI. The procedure can be performed with a traditional, open incision or with a smaller incision and an endoscope an instrument that contains a small camera. Soft tissue swelling can also be seen on the plain radiograph. To establish that the product manufacturers addressed safety and efficacy standards, we: We do the research so you can find trusted products for your health and wellness. doi:10.7759/cureus.820. In some cases casting can help with pain reduction. The calcaneus is shaped differently in different people. Available from: I give my consent to Physiopedia to be in touch with me via email using the information I have provided in this form for the purpose of news, updates and marketing. Signs of inflammation like swelling, warmth, redness, and tenderness may be present over the posterior heel. After that, you'll likely have a walking cast or boot and start physical therapy. Ice/cryotherapy helps deal with swelling. Rotator Cuff and Shoulder Conditioning Program. Cureus. Because tight calf muscles place increased stress on the Achilles tendon, this procedure is useful for patients who still have difficulty flexing their feet, despite consistent stretching. What Is an Anterior Tibialis Tendon Rupture? Learn more here. You should feel a strong pull in the calf during the stretch. Modification of aggravating factors to minimize friction between. The greater the amount of tendon involved, the longer the recovery period, and the less likely a patient will be able to return to sports activity. Bony prominence is seen on the posterosuperior aspect of the calcaneal tuberosity. This article will focus on Achilles tendinitis rather than Achilles tendon rupture. Haglund's deformity is when there is abnormal bone growth near where the Achilles tendon attaches to the heel bone. Patients present with pain centered around the heel and the Achilles insertion. Brasil. Eccentric strengthening exercises can cause damage to the Achilles tendon if they are not done correctly. As an integral part of your everyday life, your feet experience a lot of wear and tear. 2023 Healthline Media UK Ltd, Brighton, UK. - medial incision may also be used; 1). You can lessen irritation of a Haglund's deformity, which may help it appear smaller, but surgery is the only way to get rid of it for good. Achilles tendinitis is a common condition that occurs when the large tendon that runs down the back of the lower leg becomes irritated and inflamed. Placing ice on the most painful area of the Achilles tendon is helpful and can be done as needed throughout the day. Disorders of the Achilles tendon and the retrocalcaneal region. Case - Bilateral Haglund Deformity - orthobullets.com PDF Haglund's Resection - Medical College of Wisconsin Complication rates for gastrocnemius recession are low but can include nerve damage. Repeat this exercise 20 times for each foot. Speaking with a medical professional right away for. Surgical removal of the Haglund deformity can be performed in non-responsive cases. AJR Am J Roentgenol. Bilateral Haglund Deformity (Severe pain) } Ahmed Attar MD EL AHRAR Teaching Hospital, , EG Experts 9 Polls 634 Treatment 0 Evidence 1 HPI Severe pain resistant to medical treatment for 6 months. Haglund syndrome is a painful condition of the heel and its diagnosis requires a combination of clinical and radiological findings 8. 2000;175 (3): 613-25. After surgery, it will take up to eight weeks for you to completely heal. It is important to wear proper footwear, especially when practicing a sport or exercising. Haglund's deformity of the foot. Other shoes featuring rigid backs can also have this effect. Catherine Moyer, DPM, is a podiatrist experienced in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disorders of the foot and ankle. [3] Its history brought it an unexpected specialization as a city for artists. One study found that most of those who had traditional surgery had relief from their pain at their 1-year follow-up. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. 4. The diagnosis begins with a complete history and physical examination by your surgeon. Bursae are found in many places in the body where tissues must move against one another. Working on your feet all day can do a number on your feet, legs, and back. The risk of achilles tendon rupture in the patients with achilles tendinopathy: healthcare database analysis in the united states. Scientists use genetic rewiring to increase lifespan of cells, Beyond amyloid and tau: New targets in developing dementia treatments, Napping longer than 30 minutes linked to higher risk of obesity and high blood pressure, Activity 'snacks' could lower blood sugar, complication risk in type 1 diabetes, In Conversation: Investigating the power of music for dementia, What causes heel pain, and what to do about it, Everything you need to know about hammer toe, changing the type of shoes, especially avoiding rigid-backed shoes and pumps, placing heel lifts in shoes to help bring the heel up and avoid friction, using heel pads inside the backs of shoes to help reduce irritation and friction on the heel, inserting footwear arch supports for people with high arches, performing stretching exercises to alleviate a tight Achilles tendon, avoiding exercises that aggravate the condition, especially running and running uphill, using a soft cast or walking boot to help keep the heel bone from rubbing on the bursa or Achilles tendon. [4], The Achilles Tendon originates from the aponeurosis of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. The soft tissue near the back of the heel can become irritated when the large, bony lump rubs against rigid shoes. Bone Joint Res. Stretching correctly before and after exercise, especially the calves, Achilles tendon, and feet. A new radiologic measurement for the diagnosis of Haglund's deformity. Prefeitura Municipal de Embu. Glossary of terms for musculoskeletal radiology. Insertional Achilles tendinitis involves the lower portion of the tendon, where it attaches (inserts) to the heel bone (also known as the calcaneus). Many surgeons simply remove the bump. no financial relationships to ineligible companies to disclose. We find that most patients have a gradual onset of both pain and swelling. 2013;200 (4): 845-55. The best way to do this is to ensure that you are wearing a shoe that fits well and offers adequate support. 2000;20 Spec No (suppl 1): S153-79. - non operative treatment consists of heel cord stretching, change in shoe wear, NSAIDS; Haglund's deformity usually develops due to shoes . AAOS does not endorse any treatments, procedures, products, or physicians referenced herein. However, if your surgeon chose to use sutures that dissolve, you won't need to have the stitches taken out. They don't shrink the bony protrusion itself, but that's typically not necessary. Heel spurs can be painful. The problem results from repetitive stress to the tendon. Here are all the details of Embu das Artes available below. Who's Who in Orthopedics. {"url":"/signup-modal-props.json?lang=us"}, Venkatesh M, Bawazeer A, Niknejad M, et al. PMH Gasrtric ulcers Esophegeal reflux PE Severe tenderness on heel prominence Poll 1 of 1 1 Next COMMUNITIES MB 2/3 Clinical Medical Students Pavlov H, Heneghan MA, Hersh A et-al. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 01 May 2023) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-25489. [2][3] It is associated with retrocalcaneal bursitis. Haglund's deformity, or "pump bump," is a common cause of posterior heel pain. Heel Pain Caused By Achilles Tendonitis | Haglund's Deformity Eccentric Strengthening. Diagnosis is made clinically with presence of a prominence on the lateral aspect of the 5th metatarsal head, often associated with pain and callus formation. Embu das Artes - Wikipedia The parallel pitch line measurement was determined in 10 symptomatic feet and 78 control feet and the results were analyzed statistically. That can lead to complications, including: Over time, chronic injury to the Achilles tendon can cause it to weaken and break down, a condition known as tendinosis. Haglund's Deformity: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis - Healthline 2019 Oct 3;8(9):437]. Haglund's Deformity: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments - Verywell Health The Achilles tendon and the retrocalcaneal bursa: An anatomical and radiological study [published correction appears in Bone Joint Res. - posterior calcaneal tuberosity is removed, and the Achilles tendon is debrided and reattached using bone anchors; Additionally, they may be less effective in patients with extensive tendon damage. Sometimes the shape of a bone can cause problems in the foot. pain and swelling in the back of the heel. Physical therapy is very helpful in treating Achilles tendinitis. Most authors believe that a Haglund's deformity forms as a . The calcaneus is shaped differently in different people. Healthline only shows you brands and products that we stand behind. Achilles Tendon Rupture - Foot & Ankle - Orthobullets The primary symptom of Haglund's deformity is pain at the back of the heel. The Keck and Kelly wedge calcaneal osteotomy for Haglund's deformity: a technique for reproducible results. If you must wear shoes with backs, pads placed over the back of the heel may give some relief. A persons natural foot structure may sometimes make them more prone to the condition. Treatment of Haglund's deformity can be divided into nonsurgical treatment and surgical treatment. Vosseller JT. Rua Andronico dos Prazeres Gonalves, 114. Pegue linha 032 nibus de Rod. 13, 14. There are two types of Achilles tendinitis, based on which part of the tendon is inflamed. To Top Symptoms Common symptoms of Achilles tendinitis include: Pain and stiffness along the Achilles tendon in the morning Pain along the tendon or back of the heel that worsens with activity Severe pain the day after exercising - patients note posterolateral prominence and tenderness; Hugland's deformity is a bony protrusion on the posterolateral part of the heel. Check for errors and try again. The origin of a Haglund's deformity is debated in the literature. Surg Radiol Anat. Radiology. Vaishya R, Agarwal AK, Azizi AT, Vijay V. Haglunds syndrome: a commonly seen mysterious condition. What is a Haglund's deformity? Over time, the fibers may begin to break down and develop tiny tears. The following exercises and stretches can help to strengthen the calf muscles and reduce stress on the Achilles tendon. This condition is often initially treated with rest, the use of heel pads or open-back shoes, analgesics such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and physiotherapy 8. p.795-797. 5. Lawrence DA, Rolen MF, Morshed KA et-al. Depending on the type of procedure that was performed, you may be able to resume normal activities and sports six to 36 weeks after surgery. Physiopedia is not a substitute for professional advice or expert medical services from a qualified healthcare provider. Copyright 1995-2021 by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Bus Tours. We avoid using tertiary references. Symptoms of Haglund's Deformity vary based on the degree of irritation in the heel bone and whether or not bursitis develops. Bursitis is an inflammation of the fluid-filled sac between the tendon and the bone. They also noted that a change in position in the heel bone can put extra strain on the Achilles tendon, which could further increase the risk of bursitis and tendinitis. - calcium deposits are removed from the Achilles tendon if they are present; Idiopathic Idiopathic genu valgum occurs when physiologic variants fail to resolve, leading to persistent or pro-gressive deformity. Haglund deformity (i.e. Haglund's deformity. Heel Bursitis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment - Cleveland Clinic Original Editors - Nick Despeghel, Jonathan Hoof, Gertjan Pauwels and Wout Lippens, Top Contributors - Niha Mulla, Leana Louw, Kim Jackson, Wout Lippens, Kalyani Yajnanarayan and Claire Knott, Haglunds deformity is defined as an abnormality of the bone and soft tissues in the foot where an enlargement of the bony section of the heel where the Achilles tendon inserts is triggered. You may also come across the term "tendinopathy," which is used to describe a condition in which the tendon develops microscopic degeneration as a result of chronic damage over time. Myerson MS, Mandelbaum B. All material on this website is protected by copyright. Haglund syndrome | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org Haglunds deformity involves a bony lump at the back of the heel, which is often visible. People use their feet almost constantly, whatever level of activity they are involved in on a daily basis. Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Prominence of the calcaneus: late results of bone resection. Limiting the use of footwear that causes friction on the heel, however, may help prevent its development. [6] There are two bursae near the Achilles Tendon - the deep retrocaneal bursa, and the superficial bursa. But, the authors noted that doctors should tell people that the recovery from surgery can be several months. Symptoms are aggravated by wearing footwear with hard heel edges, as this impinge on the bursa and the, Evaluation of bursa, tendon and calcaneus, Functional tests to elicit pain: Tensile (hopping on toes) vs compressive (jumping lunge) vs combination, A visible bump seen on the posterior of the heel. Foot and ankle conditioning program. The incision is closed with stitches, and you are placed in a bulky bandage to protect the foot while it heals. The lump that develops at the back of the heel is called a Haglund's deformity or Pump Bump. [2] [3] It is associated with retrocalcaneal bursitis. However, the bone lump will not shrink. (2005). (2018). Using the medication for more than 1 month should be reviewed with your primary care doctor. - Discussion: Surgery to treat Haglund's deformity is typically done as an outpatient procedure, meaning you will be able to go home on the same day of surgery. Haglunds deformity can affect the Achilles tendon by pushing on it, but a posterior heel spur can grow into the tendon, which may develop calcifications. Ultrasound has grown in popularity among physicians in recent years. At the time the article was last revised Abdulmajid Bawazeer had no recorded disclosures. a tight Achilles tendon, which may put pressure on the heel bone. Several surgical procedures have been designed to treat Haglund's deformity. We include products we think are useful for our readers. Other injectable substances, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) have been studied for Achilles tendinitis, and several studies on PRP injections have shown improvements in pain. Haglund deformity can predispose and lead to Haglund syndrome, but its presence does not automatically infer Haglund syndrome. It appears above where the Achilles tendon attaches to the bone. Because it uses smaller incisions than traditional surgery, recovery may be shorter. Embu das Artes Postal address. The calcaneus (or heelbone) is the largest bone of the foot. In cases of severe noninsertional Achilles tendinitis, X-rays may show calcification in the middle portion of the tendon. If these do not help, a doctor may recommend surgery to remove the bony ridge or repair the Achilles tendon. We link primary sources including studies, scientific references, and statistics within each article and also list them in the resources section at the bottom of our articles. Your doctor will likely give you a boot or cast to protect your foot. - patients are immobilized for four weeks. They can help decrease your pain enough to allow you to perform physical therapy exercises as discussed below. Embu das Artes Phone number. Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. Jung H, Carag JA, Park J, Bae E, Lim S, Kim H. Haglund P. Beitrag zur uliwik der Achilesse have. These simple changes to your footwear may allow you to resume normal walking immediately, but you should probably cut back on more vigorous activities for several weeks to allow the inflammation and pain to subside. Check for errors and try again. Faria Lima, 682 para Terminal Bandeira 6262-10 Recent studies have shown improvement in pain and function with ESWT, especially when combined with other nonsurgical treatments such as eccentric exercises. Haglund's Deformity Surgery | FootCareMD in an area of 70.40 km 2. BioMed Research International. Other conservative approaches to treating Haglund's deformity include: If these approaches don't adequately alleviate your pain, you may need to have surgery. Treatment is a trial of nonoperative management of NSAIDs, activity modification, shoe wear modifications, and physical therapy. Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics. An enlargement of the bony section of your heel (where the Achilles tendon is located) triggers this condition. People should not ignore foot pain. If surgery is needed, your doctor will select the procedure based on the amount of tendon damage. Return to the original position and repeat. Common Superficial Bursitis | AAFP View Manchikanti Venkatesh's current disclosures, View Abdulmajid Bawazeer's current disclosures, see full revision history and disclosures. Results of Achilles tendinitis surgery are generally very good. Return to full activity at 6 weeks post-surgery. Haglund's deformity is not. At the time the article was created Manchikanti Venkatesh had no recorded disclosures. American Podiatric Medical Association. This usually provides pain relief and a return back to a normal lifestyle with no restrictions after a period of recovery. In fact, any shoes with a rigid back, such as ice skates, men's dress shoes or women's pumps, can cause this irritation. PDF Genu Valgum in Children: Diagnostic and Therapeutic - Orthobullets What can be done for a Haglund's deformity? Can diet help improve depression symptoms? Inflammatory. Cureus. Within two weeks, your stitches will be removed. AJR Am J Roentgenol. It connects the calf muscles to the heel bone and is used when you walk, run, climb stairs, jump, and stand on your tip toes. After this surgery, the big toe is still able to move, and most patients do not notice a change in the way they walk or run. This information is provided as an educational service and is not intended to serve as medical advice. posterosuperior calcaneal exostosis) Terminology Haglund syndrome is a painful condition of the heel and its diagnosis requires a combination of clinical and radiological findings 8. It is the largest tendon in the body and is very, Heel pain can affect the bottom, side, or back of the heel. The primary symptoms are: When the bony lump of Haglund's deformity rubs against shoes, it can cause other nearby tissues to become inflamed. Abnormalities in foot function, position, or a genetic predisposition may also contribute to the condition. It can also help manage any discomfort if it occurs. One example of this is Haglund's deformity, a condition caused by a prominent bump on the back of the heel. Chinese Journal of Traumatology. Exercises: Strengthening and endurance of foot and ankle muscles are main focus. Over time the tissues also usually thicken over the bone bump, causing a callus to form. The Haglund syndrome: initial and differential diagnosis. To stretch the calf muscles and the heel cord, push your hips toward the wall in a controlled fashion. 2023 Lineage Medical, Inc. All rights reserved. Over time, this irritates the soft tissues and causes inflammation. Achilles tendinitis pain can occur within the tendon itself or at the point where it attaches to the heel bone, called the Achilles tendon insertion. Risk of avulsion of the Achilles tendon after partial excision for treatment of insertional tendonitis and Haglund's deformity: a biomechanical study. Only surgery will remove the additional once it develops. (2020) Skeletal Radiology. The main factor in surgical recovery is the amount of damage to the tendon. Glossary of terms for musculoskeletal radiology, Preventative aspects of muscle displacement in the running athlete, Surgical treatment of Haglunds deformity: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Haglund's syndrome: A commonly seen mysterious condition, A noticeable bump on the back of the heel, Blisters and/or callouses on and around the bump due to increased friction from shoes, Abnormal foot biomechanics due to joint misalignment, Stretching exercises for the Achilles tendon, Heel lifts to decrease pressure on the bone for people with high arches, Immobilization, such as with a cast or soft boot to allow it to heal. The Haglund deformity irritates local structures leading to a spectrum of findings depending on the chronicity of symptoms. - raising the heel out of the shoe with a heel insert, shifts the contact against the heel andoften relieves symptoms; - excision of the Haglund prominence can be effective in chronic cases; You may be given a general anesthesia that will put you to sleep during the surgery. Haglund's deformity; B. Surgical removal of Haglund's deformity Non-operative management can be as simple as avoidance of shoes that place pressure on the heel. Haglund's deformity (with or without bursitis): symptomatic osseous posterior-superior prominence of the calcaneus Radiographs or Sonography of foot in maximal dorsiflexion [12] Sever's disease (calcaneal apophysitis): inflammation of the calcaneal apophysis due to overloading Clinical [13], Ultrasound investigations [14] Traumatic Influences Physical therapy is an important part of recovery. 1. It is also called: Haglund's deformity usually appears on both feet, rather than just one. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), Haglunds syndrome: a commonly seen mysterious condition, The Achilles tendon and the retrocalcaneal bursa: An anatomical and radiological study [published correction appears in Bone Joint Res. However, if symptoms are mild, the condition will not necessarily cause constant pain, and lifestyle measures can help manage it. Simply defined, tendinitis (also spelled "tendonitis") is acute inflammation of a tendon. Last medically reviewed on January 6, 2022, The Achilles tendon runs down the back of the lower leg and joins the calf muscles to the heel bone. Surgical management is indicated in patients with progressive symptoms who fail conservative management. 2015;18(3):164-169. doi:10.1016/j.cjtee.2015.03.002, Yuen WLP, Tan PT, Kon KKC. Tight-fitting shoes can cause heel bursitis. Haglund's deformity can be diagnosed based on a physical examination and X-rays. Loop a towel around one foot, holding both ends. Because of its prominence, the bump is subject to the effects of constant friction. If conservative treatment is not effective then following surgical treatment options are considered. An MRI scan can show the severity of the damage in the tendon. 6. Get the facts on types (like hip bursitis), causes, and more. Haglund's deformity occurs when there's frequent pressure on the backs of your heels. This helps to maintain calf flexibility and decrease the pull of your Achilles tendon on your heel. Around 10% of individuals have heel spurs, but only 5% of them experience pain, say the AAOS. See your doctor immediately if you think you may have torn your tendon. A doctor will recommend nonsurgical treatments for Haglunds deformity first. Haglund's deformity, or "pump bump" is a common cause of posterior heel pain, characterized clinically by a painful soft tissue swelling at the level of the Achilles tendon insertion. You should be released to full activity in about six weeks. An X-ray may also help your doctor create orthotics to relieve your heel pain. Haglund deformity can predispose and lead to Haglund syndrome, but its presence does not automatically infer Haglund syndrome. While injections can be used in other injuries and conditions, cortisone injections into the Achilles tendon are not recommended because they can cause the tendon to rupture (tear). The treatment for Haglunds deformity usually focuses on relieving pain and taking pressure off of your heel bone. It was first described by Swedish orthopedic surgeon Patrick Haglund(1870-1937) 5 in 19276. The specific type of surgery depends on the location of the tendinitis and the amount of damage to the tendon. Haglund's deformity can develop into a painful heel condition known as Haglunds syndrome. Chauveaux D, Liet P, Huec J et-al. Move back slightly, so the balls of the feet are on the block, but the heels are off the edge. Bulstra, G. H., et al. http://www.aofas.org/PRC/conditions/Pages/Conditions/Haglund-Deformity.aspx, https://midwestbonejoint.com/foot/haglunds-deformity-of-the-foot/, https://www.healthline.com/health/haglund-deformity, https://www.mcw.edu/-/media/MCW/Departments/Orthopaedic-Surgery/hagland.pdf?la=en, http://www.oregonmedicalgroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/1f43c091d17ec4f2d9902a5687e39819.pdf, https://www.physio-pedia.com/index.php?title=Haglund%27s_deformity&oldid=313363. Surgery is not common, but may be considered if other options fail and your condition is significantly affecting your daily life. It is associated with calcaneal spurs, and the wearing of high heels (hence the colloquial term "pump-bump") or stiff-backed shoes in general. This prominent bump squeezes the soft tissues between the bone and the back of the shoe. Get Top Tips Tuesday and The Latest Physiopedia updates, The content on or accessible through Physiopedia is for informational purposes only. Haglund's resection. doi:10.7759/cureus.820, Pkala PA, Henry BM, Pkala JR, Piska K, Tomaszewski KA.

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