Overall, risky driving behaviors increase the risk of a crash 11 times , while aggressive driving increases risk nearly 35 times ! AAA encourages drivers to maintain a cool head and focus on reaching their destination safely. risky driving 9, pp. Both hand-held and hands-free calls put drivers in a state of cognitive distraction [21, 22], where consciousness is diverted from the main driving task, the proportion of forward vision increases, and the information processing speed and the allocation of visual attention are affected, thus weakening the ability to detect the surrounding environment [2325]. The design content of the test is described in detail below. The RCPA was introduced into the study of distracted driving, calculated as shown in the following equation:where denotes the RCPA of the driver at time , which is dimensionless, and (mm2) are the pupil area at time and time when the driver is in normal driving, hands-free call, or video call state in the formal test, respectively. When someone is drink-driving, their reaction time is much slower and their ability to judge speed is signifiactly affected, which can increase the risk of a car accident. The calculation equation of indicator conflict is as follows:where denotes the conflict of the th indicator, and denote the mean values of the th and th evaluation indicators, respectively, and denotes the Pearson correlation coefficient. AAA provides more than 61 million members with automotive, travel, insurance and financial services through its federation of 32 motor clubs and more than 1,000 branch offices across North America. Combined with the mechanical division method, the fixation area was divided into six parts, in which: A is the left rear view mirror; B is the road ahead, which is the main focus area during driving; C is the distant areas of the road ahead; D is the vehicle dashboard area; E is the cell phone placement area of the central console; and F is the right rear view mirror. 98105, 2019. 54, no. We have an advertising relationship with some of the offers included on this page. The decision matrix is constructed as follows: Determine the reference sequence and comparison sequence. Do Distraction, Emotion, and Other Unsafe Behaviors Susan M. Schneider 1. Risk Assessment of Distracted Driving Behavior Based on Visual 5 Risky Distracted Driving Behaviors | U.S. News The limitation of this study is that the driving risk of distracted states was only assessed in terms of the drivers visual behavior, and the influence of individual attribute characteristics such as the drivers age and driving experience was not considered. The drivers VSC in the free flow scenario was more sensitive to the impact of cell phone call operation, and the increase in driving risk was greater when driving distracted. 23, no. Risky Driving Behaviors In the traditional CRITIC method, the variability of indicators is represented by standard deviation, and the larger the standard deviation of data, the stronger the variability is represented and the higher the weight is assigned; the conflict of indicators is quantified by the correlation coefficient, and the larger value of the correlation coefficient between indicators, the smaller the conflict, and the more overlapping information the indicators contain, the lower the weight is assigned [3438]. Considering the safety of drivers and the management regulations of traffic laws, studies on distracted driving by cell phone operation are usually carried out based on the simulated driving devices, and simulated driving tests are carried out by designing different driving environment scenarios to restore the real driving experience [4, 2931]. Therefore, this article was designed to simulate driving in two traffic conditions of free flow and congested flow on urban expressways and to collect eye movement indicators under two driving conditions of hands-free and video call, in order to explore the visual behavior characteristics of drivers during distracted driving, quantify the risk of driving behavior, and provide the theoretical basis for drivers visual behavior correction and driving safety. Risky driving behavior does not have to result in a crash or collision to have serious negative consequences. In automated driving, risk describes potential harm to passengers of an autonomous vehicle (AV) and other road users. Drivers and passengers who fail to buckle up when they get into a car face high risks in the event of a crash 47% of passenger vehicle occupants who were killed in 2019 in crashes were not wearing seat belts. Among them, the negative influence of video calls on driving safety was significantly higher than that of hands-free calls, with a significant decrease in VSC, and the drivers VSC in the free flow scenario was more sensitive to the impact of cell phone call operation, and the driving risk increased significantly during distracted driving. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has identified six risky driving behaviors. In order to avoid the learning effect, the speed of the LV was set to fluctuate in a small range to simulate the acceleration and deceleration. Summary of analysis results based on improved CRITIC method. Lets pinpoint new behaviors you want to do, so you can see 8697, 2018. Drivers psychological effort increased, their psychological and physiological load increased, and their visual adaptability decreased, resulting in pupil dilation. D. Zhang, F. Chen, J. Zhu et al., Research on drivers' hazard perception in plateau environment based on visual characteristics, Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol. What is a JUA or an assigned risk pool for high-risk driver car insurance? Drivers, Weighted to Represent U.S. Driving Population Ages 16 and Older. The saccade amplitude is the range covered by the line of sight from the beginning to the end of a saccade, usually expressed in degrees of view [48]. 54, no. 5, pp. 132142, 2017. N. Zhao, B. Reimer, B. Mehler, L. A. Cocaine and methamphetamine can make drivers more aggressive and reckless. Avoid the Six Most Unsafe Driving Behaviors 3855, 2021. M. Wang and J. Zeng, Hierarchical clustering nodes collaborative scheduling in wireless sensor network, IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. It seems as if this practice has become epidemic. 47, pp. Lytx MV+AI distraction detection and alerting technology is designed to respect driver privacy because it does not collect, store or use any biometric identifiers or biometric information (i.e., scans of facial geometry) to detect distracted driving behaviors. Alcohol creates a sense of false confidence which can lead to risk-taking behaviour behind the wheel. Ages 16-18: 69.3 percent. In order to ensure the comparability of test data, two traffic scenarios of free flow and congested flow were set up, both of which adopted a two-way four-lane design. 210221, 2018. A. R. Mishra, P. Rani, and K. Pandey, Fermatean fuzzy CRITIC-EDAS approach for the selection of sustainable third-party reverse logistics providers using improved generalized score function, Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, vol. According to the U.S. Department of Transportations National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, which recently released its latest projections for 2022 traffic fatalities, an estimated 31,785 people were killed in traffic crashes in the first nine months of last year just a slight decrease from the 31,850 estimated deaths that occurred during the same period in 2021. Lytx connects all the dots to reveal a clear and actionable view of your fleet that helps you and your drivers save time, reduce costs, improve safety, and deliver the very best for your customers. 253262, 2018. WebThe purpose of this chapter is to review and critique the literature on risky drinking, driving, and sexual behaviors. texting), drug use, binge drinking, and risky sexual behavior. In the free flow scenario (FFS), there were only two vehicles on the lanes in the direction of travel, the subject vehicle (SV) and the leader vehicle (LV), and no other vehicles interfered. Previous research suggests that users who drive high are up to twice as likely to be involved in a crash. Similarly, the higher the information entropy of the drivers fixation area is, the more discrete the distribution of fixation points is, and vice versa, the more concentrated it is. The equation for calculating the variation coefficient of the indicator is as follows: Indicator conflict analysis. Considering the actual speed of the urban expressway and the ability to follow the vehicle in the simulated driving environment, the speed of the LV was designed to be 65km/h. 3, pp. 295311, 2022. 3742, 2021. Compared with the normal driving state, the correlation coefficients of drivers in cell phone calls showed different degrees of decrease, and the correlation coefficients in the video call state decreased sharply, and the values fluctuated significantly. 7, pp. The saccade amplitude of all drivers was counted, as shown in Figure 5. This Foundation research was published in January 2021 in the peer-reviewed journal Transportation Research Record. In contrast, most drivers were in a state of visually distracted during the video call, the driving load surged, so the search range needed to be expanded for safety compensation. Some behaviours that contribute to severe and even fatal injuries in RTCs include failing to wear a seatbelt and being distracted. Lytxisa leading provider of video telematics, analytics, safety, and productivity solutions for commercial, public sector, and field service fleets. Therefore, the test recruited 18 nonprofessional drivers as subjects, aged from 24 to 51years (mean value is 33.2, and the standard deviation is 9.8). Learn about the latest in fleet and compliance management through our comprehensive Resource Hub. 317325, 2018. Question: Drivers use visual search information to perform speed control, turning, lane changing, and other operations. One-way ANOVA of the influence of driving state on saccade amplitude. 2, pp. 711724, 2022. Considering the indicator variability and conflict, the information quantity, Calculation of indicator weights. The correlation coefficients of the corresponding elements of each comparison sequence and the reference sequence are calculated, respectively, as follows: Calculate the grey correlation degree. Here is a breakdown of the riskiest behaviors based on reports released by the NHTSA in 2023 and 2022. Then entered the formal test, and the cell phone was switched to the WeChat interface and placed in the center console of the car. 112, 2018. Anything that takes a driver's attention from the road, including dialing, texting, and adjusting cell phones and other electronic devices, increases the risk of car This is quite a bold statement, I know, but it is pure science, the science of behavior. Using the worlds largest driving database of its kind, along with proprietary machine vision and artificial intelligence technology, we help protect and connect thousands of fleets and more than 1.3 million drivers worldwide. Therefore, driving distraction is a major factor affecting the safety of the road traffic system [1416]. And 55% of those killed during nighttime in 2019 were unrestrained. Finally, we constructed VSC as a new indicator for visual characteristics evaluation based on the weight calculation theory and established the evaluation criteria for visual stability, which can help to accurately quantify the stability of drivers visual attention and information processing under the coupling effect of traffic conditions and driving states, and comprehensively assess the risk bias of drivers states from the visual level, in order to provide the theoretical basis for the correction of drivers visual behaviors and driving safety. In fact, risky behavior associated with bad driving was found alarmingly prevalent among all age groups in the study. 166, Article ID 106540, 2022. Section 3 introduces the concepts and analysis steps of the improved CRITIC weighting model and the grey correlation analysis method. Meet our clients and learn about the industries we serve. Percentage of fixation point offset distance in each interval for different traffic conditions and driving states. 3643, 2013. "This powerful combination of real-time alerts and escalation options for hands-on coaching via our best-in-class Driver Safety Program creates a positive experience that makes it fast and easy for drivers to improve their own performance, while giving management the data-driven reports they need to monitor progress and intervene if needed., Nixon continued, For more than 20 years, weve been designing our products and services to offer the best and most flexible video solutions available to fleet and drivers, whether theyre seeking in-cab risk alerting for driver self-correction or our full driver coaching workflow for manager escalation. The significance level is set to 0.1, then =1.25, and the value range of is between 0.25 and 0.5. Study Shows Parents Driving Behaviors Influence Teens a Percentages include responses of a few times, fairly often, or regularly., b Percentages include responses of just once, a few times, fairly often, or regularly., About AAA: AAA provides more than 62 million members with automotive, travel, insurance, and financial services through its federation of 30 motor clubs and more than 1,000 branch offices across North America. L. Ocampo, J. L. Aro, S. S. Evangelista et al., Composite ecotourism potential index based on an integrated stochastic CRITIC-weighted sum method, Current Issues in Tourism, vol. 5, pp. 6328863302, 2019. Learn how our award-winning technology powers flexible solutions that help fleets achieve lasting results with minimal effort. 4, pp. Throughout June, July and August, Lytx processed more than 15 million driving events captured by its best-in-class, MV+AI-powered DriveCamEvent Recorders. For more information on Lytx telematics systems, visitwww.lytx.com,@lytxon Twitter,LinkedIn, ourFacebookpage or ourYouTubechannel. The calculation equation of indicator conflict is as follows: Calculation of indicator information quantity. Texting is the largest culprit sending or receiving a text takes a drivers eyes off the road for five seconds, which, at 55 mph, is like driving across a football field with your eyes closed. * Subject to available cellular network coverage. Risk 366376, 2019. Learn about modern fleet management and get tips and tricks for transforming your fleet. From 2010 to 2012, our commercial vehicles have a total of 742 cases of death more than 3 people traffic accident, which killed 3476 people and caused bad influence [ 1 ]. Behavior More than 50% of drivers involved in serious injury and fatal crashes tested positive for at least one drug. With the continuous innovation and development of intelligent terminals and communication technologies, the equipment of various electronic devices in the car provides convenience and simultaneously makes the potential sources of distraction for drivers continue to grow, and the demand for multitasking significantly increases [5, 6]. A speeding ticket could also result in a driver losing their safe driving discount, increasing your rate. According to statistics for fatigue driving, it was found that fatigue driving is one of the Of 3 million events coached this summer, the following five Reduced effectiveness of occupant protection equipment. The urban expressway scenario was developed for the simulated driving test to collect eye movement data when the drivers were in different driving states during driving to provide data support for the subsequent analysis of the drivers' visual characteristics. R. Saha, M. T. Tariq, M. Hadi, and Y. Xiao, Pattern recognition using clustering analysis to support transportation system management, operations, and modeling, Journal of Advanced Transportation, vol. 114235114245, 2021. In order to analyze the stability of drivers visual information processing in different driving states and evaluate the negative impact of different driving states on driving safety based on microscopic visual characteristics indicators, the comprehensive scores of drivers visual characteristics indicators in different driving states under two traffic conditions were calculated, respectively, based on the objective weighting results of the improved CRITIC method, which were defined as the visual stability coefficient (VSC) of drivers. The mean IEFA in the video call state surged compared with the normal driving state, with growth rates of 18.82% and 18.54% in free flow and congested flow, respectively. Comparison of drivers saccade amplitude for each driving state in different traffic conditions. Seat belts keep you from being ejected from a vehicle and are designed to work with airbags, protecting passengers and drivers in the event of a crash. All the subjects held valid driving licenses, normal visual function, naked eye or corrected visual acuity above 4.8, and driving experience of more than two years (mean value is 8.4, the standard deviation is 5.9). More than 50% of drivers involved in serious injury and fatal crashes tested positive for at least one drug, the NHTSA says. Distracted driving refers to the behavior of drivers who voluntarily or involuntarily allocate their attention to other secondary tasks unrelated to the main driving task during driving [1], causing drivers visual and cognitive resources to be occupied to varying degrees, reducing drivers environmental perception, decision-making ability, and P. Gershon, K. R. Sita, C. M. Zhu et al., Distracted driving, visual inattention, and crash risk among teenage drivers, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, vol. Get help with your Lytx solutions through our customer support center. According to the NHTSA, about 28 people in the United States die in drunk-driving crashes daily. 6, pp. AAA opposes the legalization of recreational marijuana because of its inherent traffic safety risks and the difficulties in writing legislation that protects the public and treats drivers fairly. This value can be used as one of the indicators to measure the stability of the communication system. Economic implications of a speed-related crash. 121, Article ID 102319, 2021. In two traffic conditions, compared with the normal driving state, the percentage of the VSC in the stable interval (>0.63) decreased sharply and the percentage of VSC in the extremely unstable interval (<0.33) generally increased when the drivers were distracted by operating the cell phone, and the change of percentage in the video call state was more significant. Furthermore, it estimates that in 2017, 91,000 police-reported crashes involved drowsy drivers, leading to an estimated 50,000 injured and nearly 800 deaths. This industry-leading, ultra-precise MV+AI triggers in-cab alerts that empower drivers to recognize their own risky driving habits and self-correct in the moment. 130, 2022. F. Zong, X. Chen, J. Tang, P. Yu, and T. Wu, Analyzing traffic crash severity with combination of information entropy and bayesian network, IEEE Access, vol. 679687, 2022. Drivers cited for not wearing a seatbelt are 3.4 times more likely to get into a collision, and remains a priority for nearly every driver and fleet. Our Best Fleet Forward newsletter delivers monthly insights on fleet management. One-way ANOVA of the influence of driving state on IEFA. The IEFA was introduced to represent the drivers visual search span, the PARSV was established to reflect the dynamic balance degree of saccade behavior, and combined with saccade amplitude and RCPA, the influence of the combined effect of traffic conditions and driving states on the drivers visual behavior was comprehensively analyzed. T. A. Dingus, J. M. Owens, F. Guo et al., The prevalence of and crash risk associated with primarily cognitive secondary tasks, Safety Science, vol. Learn about best practices and get solutions to common fleet management challenges. 10, pp. AAA is committed to educating the public about the dangers of substance-impaired driving. The original data of each evaluation indicator are standardized as follows: The standardized data matrix is constructed, as shown in the following equation: Indicator variability analysis. N. M. Yusoff, R. F. Ahmad, C. Guillet, A. S. Malik, N. M. Saad, and F. Merienne, Selection of measurement method for detection of driver visual cognitive distraction: a review, IEEE Access, vol. API integrations. From drunk driving to texting behind the wheel, drivers often engage in behaviors that increase their chance of an accident and that can affect their insurance rates. Anthony LaMesa on Twitter: "And, yes, police interactions can be WASHINGTON, D.C. (April 13, 2021) People who use both alcohol and marijuana are some of the most dangerous drivers on the road they are significantly more likely to speed, text, intentionally run red lights, and drive aggressively than those who dont, according to data from the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety. Meanwhile, speed-related crashes continue, and fatality rates on our roadways continue to increase.. Set. The results showed that cell phone call operation generally had a significant influence on drivers visual information processing patterns, with varying degrees of changes in visual characteristics indicators. In contrast, the distribution of IEFA was more discrete in free flow, indicating that IEFA was more sensitive to the influence of the driving state in this traffic condition, and the value fluctuated more. (5)Calculation of indicator information quantity. 11, p. 1805, 2016. The main equipment of the test included a driving simulator, an eye movement information acquisition device, and a smartphone required to perform the secondary tasks, as shown in Figure 1. P. Hancock, M. Mouloua, and J. Senders, On the philosophical foundations of the distracted driver and driving distraction, Driver Distraction, Taylor & Francis, Abingdon, UK, 2008. The sampling frequency of the eye tracker was set to 200Hz, and the supporting software Begaze2.4 was used to export the video and corresponding visual behavior text data for analysis and preliminary processing. Risky driving behavior was measured the Behavior of Young Novice Drivers Scale (BYNDS), developed by Scott-Parker et al. Considering the complexity of distracted driving, future comparative studies should be attempted in other road scenarios, combining individual driver attribute characteristics and multiple dimensional indicators such as ECG, EEG, and head movement to comprehensively consider the risk level of distracted driving states. 124, Article ID 103187, 2022. Around 47% of passengers killed in 2019 in crashes were not wearing seat belts. Set objects to be evaluated and evaluation indicators to form the original indicator data matrix as follows:where denotes the original data of the th evaluation indicator of the th evaluation object. The clustering analysis method can gradually improve the clustering effect through several iterations and applies to large sample data [44], so it is suitable for the division of the fixation region. A recent study found this to be the case, In the comprehensive evaluation of multiple indicators, different weighting methods will cause differences in the evaluation results, so it is necessary to choose the weighting methods scientifically and reasonably in combination based on the characteristics of the indicator and the research object [34]. 647653, 2021. 1: Drunk driving, Risky driving behavior No. The VSC of all drivers was counted, as shown in Figure 11, and the VSC was mainly distributed from 0.309 to 0.728 in free flow and from 0.288 to 0.686 in congested flow. In addition, the existing research results focus on the visual recognition characteristics of drivers distracted by operating cell phones in a single traffic condition of the same road type, with few studies carried out under different traffic conditions. Ages 75+: 69.1 percent. "Ultimately, knowing what drives us puts us in the driver's seat. Results were adjusted for age, gender, education, and race. The mean value of the correlation coefficient of the corresponding elements of the comparison sequence and the reference sequence is calculated to reflect its association with the reference sequence, which is called the correlation degree, as shown in the following equation: The larger the , the lower sensitive the th driving state is to the influence of the evaluation indicator. M. Oliva, Pupil size and search performance in low and high perceptual load, Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, vol. From choosing to drive while impaired, and speeding, to driving distracted or running red lights, using these two drugs leads to poor decision-making with potentially fatal consequences.. Recent studies suggest that human-like driving behavior emerges from embedding risk in AV motion planning algorithms. And, yes, police interactions can be risky, but the people driving these vehicles are choosing to experience a police interaction when they brazenly break the Du, Improvement of analytic hierarchy process based on grey correlation model and its engineering application, ASCE-ASME Journal of Risk and Uncertainty in Engineering Systems Part A-Civil Engineering, vol. 19, no. (See abstract). State Council of the People's Republic of China, Regulation on the Implementation of the Road Traffic Safety Law of the People's Republic of China, State Council of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China, 2017. Our team is at your service to share custom demos, guide you to the best solutions, or provide support. Risky driving behavior No. K. L. Young, P. M. Salmon, and M. Cornelissen, Missing links? Considering the indicator variability and conflict, the information quantity of the th evaluation indicator can be calculated by equation (7). The calculation results of the grey correlation coefficient under two traffic conditions are shown in Figure 12. Due to the differences in density and importance of the information contained in different areas of the driving visual field, drivers often adopt the visual search pattern of selective attention [43]. In contrast, the distribution of VSC was more discrete in free flow, indicating that VSC was more sensitive to the influence of the driving state in this traffic condition, and the value fluctuation interval was larger. Alcohol, marijuana, and other drugs slow coordination, judgment and reaction times. 575588, 2018. Drowsy driving is another risky driving behavior and can lead to impaired cognition and performance and motor vehicle crashes. According to the evaluation criteria of visual stability based on the cluster analysis, the percentage of drivers VSC in each interval for different traffic conditions and driving states is shown in Figure 9. This risk-taking includes dangerous driving (e.g. 6, pp. Table 2. About the Data The two-way ANOVA was adopted, as shown in Table 6, in which both traffic conditions and driving states significantly influenced the drivers saccade amplitude, but there was no interactive influence between traffic conditions and driving states on saccade amplitude. W. Cheng, R. Fu, Y. Ma, Y. Zhou, and J. Liu, Research on driver' cognitive distraction in mobile phone call behavior based on image recognition, China Journal of Highway and Transport, vol. H. Ge, M. Zheng, N. Lyu, Y. Lu, and H. Sun, Review on driving distraction, Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, vol. Can you name them all? This is an open access article distributed under the, Construction of original data matrix. 494500, 2019. The simulated cockpit adopted real vehicle control components and was modified from the BYD F3 car. The factors causing the change were the brightness difference between the cell phone screen and the scenario display equipment, and the increased psychological and physiological load of the drivers during distracted driving, so the RCPA changed significantly under the coupling effect of the two factors. During driving, drivers constantly search and process external environmental information through the vision to ensure driving safety. If you are convicted of a DUI, you may lose your driving privileges and your auto insurance policy could be canceled. Here are the NHTSAs consequences of speeding: Speeding can affect your auto insurance rates as well drivers will pay rates of 22% to 30% higher premiums on average following a speeding ticket and these rates could be in effect for three years.
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risky driving behaviors