Do you think the US military budget should be increased, be reduced, or stay about the same? Sexual assault in the US military: A review of the literature and recommendations for the future. If warfare is not biological in origin, then it is best understood as a social phenomenon, one that has its roots in the decisions of political and military officials. In Social Problems, Social Issues, Social Science, James D. Wright presents his research on some of the social issues that have most vexed America: homelessness, addiction, divorce, minimum wage, and gun control, among others. As a news report summarized these families experience, Ms. But not all civilians are affected equally. There are also many innocent victims in wartime, but when children are victims, our hearts especially go out to them. About Pew Research Center Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. New York, NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. In 2010, the US official military budget (defense outlays only) was $698 billion. Table 16.2 US Participation in Major Wars listed the hundreds of thousands of troop deaths in American wars. Expanded cultural knowledge, with broader. World War II had a direct influence on the social justice movements after the war and even today. The Korean and Vietnam veterans memorials in the nations capital and so many other memorials across the nation remind us of the hundreds of thousands of brave men and women who have died serving their country. However, the calculation for this statement excludes the additional military expenses just discussed, and it uses a misleading measure of federal spending. A quick calculation shows that about 11 percent of the worlds population died from the Mongolian wars, while 2 percent died from World War II. (2011, November 11). Social Issues News -- ScienceDaily War is sustained armed conflict that causes large-scale loss of life or extreme material destruction (Worrell, 2011, p. 1). Social Issues are any behavior or circumstance that impacts most members of a community. Some major problems (other than the listed ones) in social science research (ssr) are: (1) evolving a sound methodology for collection of field data (2) interpretations of field data in relation . McGovern, G. (2011). Washington, DC: Author. . Drugs and alcohol abuse. (2011). One Iraq veteran with these problems is Tom Marcum, who came home with a brain injury, PTSD, and fits of violence and short-term memory loss. Gender-related issues have risen over the past years as ideas like feminism and equality become mainstream topics. China ranked a distant second at $119 billion, followed by the United Kingdom at $60 billion and France at $49 billion (see Figure 16.3 International Military Spending, 2010). Shusman, B. Where your income tax money really goes. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. War and sacrifice in the post-9/11 era. PDF Poverty research and the social sciences - University of Wisconsin A related subfield is military sociology, which focuses more explicitly on the organization and . Washington rules: Americas path to permanent war. Many veterans of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have also come back home with these problems. Retrieved from http://bangordailynews.com/2011/07/22/health/children-of-deployed-troops-struggle-researchers-find. A streamlined and more deliberate research program ensures better budgeting. England, G. (2012, February 5). Fisman, R., & Miguel, E. (2010). Nuclear weapons overview. Recall that when weather disasters and other environmental changes cause drought and other problems, crops and other resources become scarcer. War is a social phenomenon in which a mixture of motives underlies decisions to go to war. (2012). (2011, June 17). Levy, J. S., & Thompson, W. R. (2010). The American Civil War, also called the War Between the States, then tore it apart less than a century later. Historically, this scarcity has again motivated societies to go to war. As this overview of the debate over military spending indicates, the military remains a hot topic more than two decades after the Cold War ended following the demise of the Soviet Union. Also, war between socialist states was not unthinkable, as the doctrine indicated: only the colossal preponderance of Soviet forces prevented a full-scale war in 1956 against Hungary and in 1968 against Czechoslovakia; war between the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China was a serious possibility for two decades after the Sino-Soviet They add that the exports often go to nations ruled by dictators, who then use them to threaten their own people (Feinstein, 2011; Shah, 2011). Choices under fire: Moral dimensions of World War II. Americans are hurt, he warned, when the defense budget squanders money that could be used to repair schools or to guarantee universal health care (Arias, 1999, p. A19). American war and military operations casualties: Lists and statistics. . Describe some of the factors that have influenced this social institution in India. Social science is the study of human society and its members' interactions with each other and their relationships to cultural institutions like education or religion. the families are worried about their loved ones Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library Discovery Institutions Western Governors University Grand Canyon University We both wound up suspended for that one (Ashton, 2011). Tirman (2012, p. 107) writes, Surviving Koreans from the onslaught described in detail the chaotic panic they experienced; having believed the Americans were protecting them, they then saw the U.S. troops fire indiscriminately at men, women, and children at the scene. At the end of the three days, about four hundred civilians lay dead. Because it took place in Iraq, many more Iraqis than Americans died or were wounded, and the war certainly affected Iraqi societyits infrastructure, economy, natural resources, and so forthfar more than it affected American society. But veterans are casualties in other ways, as the news story that began this chapter made clear. List Of Social Issues Essay Topics For 2022 - e Writing Service Science wars - Wikipedia Social Science Sociology Question Identify two social science issues related to war. Some relevant global social problems include income inequality (poverty), corruption, the rise in authoritarianism (erosion of democratic values), criminality, unsustainable development, and bullying in schools. The Methodology of the Social Sciences (Max Weber) Rich Dad, Poor Dad (Robert T. Kiyosaki) Interpersonal Communication (Kory Floyd) Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham) Give Me Liberty! Supporters of this role say the military has both protected and advanced the political and economic interests of the United States, while critics, as we have seen, charge that the military has been an instrument of imperialism. When the war began, a sort of truce developed between management and labor, as workers wanted to appear patriotic by supporting the war effort and hoped that they would win important labor rights for doing so. Tirman notes that approximately 6 million civilians and soldiers died in the Korean, Vietnam/Indochina, Iraq, and Afghanistan wars. It also documents the psychological and health effects of military sexual assault (MSA). Cost equivalencies illustrate what is lost when so much money is spent on the military, especially on weapons systems that do not work and are not needed. That problem is rape, as at least one-fifth and perhaps as many as 84 percent of all military service are raped or sexually assaulted (including sexual harassment) by other military personnel (Turchik & Wilson, 2010). Identify two social science issues related to war. Social and Behavioral Science and the Russia-Ukraine War: A Collection Helicopter parenting: How it affects the development of children. The two atomic bombs dropped by the United States over Japan during World War II killed tens of thousands of civilians. The first is the thirteenth century, when the Mongol Empire under the initial leadership of Genghis Khan became an empire in Asia and Eastern Europe through wars and conquest in which it killed 40 million people. Social Sciences Brown sociologist weighs in on tensions at the Russia-Ukraine border Professor of Sociology Michael D. Kennedy provided historical background on Russia's relationship with Ukraine and explained how the current crisis could unleash major conflicts across the globe. Second, war is more readily solvable than many other human afflictions. Bullying can cause suicidal thoughts and changes in a person's behavior. Although wars, other armed conflicts, terrorism, and genocide certainly continue, and 100 million is a terribly high number of deaths, the world overall is in fact more peaceful now than in the past. Their unemployment rate was 13.1 percent in December 2011, compared to only 8.5 percent for the general public; the unemployment rate for veterans ages 2024 was near 30 percent (Dewan, 2011; Zornick, 2012). History shows that when these resources become too scarce within a society, that society is more likely to go to war to wrest these resources from another society (Gleditsch & Theisen, 2010). Some think the United States needs to maintain and in fact increase its level of military spending, even with the Cold War long ended, to replace aging weapons systems, to meet the threat posed by terrorists and by rogue nations such as Iran, and to respond to various other trouble spots around the world. for the social science issues related to war, the first thing that comes to mind is the effect on the families. For example, the F-35 fighter aircraft has been plagued with management problems, huge cost-overruns, [and] substantial performance shortfalls, according to a recent news report (Kaplan, 2012). Jobs, hobbies, friends, even parental obligations to young children fall by the wayside. Want to create or adapt books like this? New York, NY: Penguin. Research Topics | Pew Research Center Although the causes of World War II are complex, Hitlers effort to conquer much of Europe stemmed at least partly from his belief that Aryans (Germans and other Europeans with blond hair and blue eyes) were a superior species and non-Aryans were an inferior species (Bess, 2008). However, later investigation revealed that the attack never occurred and that the White House lied to Congress and the American people (Wells, 1994). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Union of Concerned Scientists. When it comes to our wars overseas, he adds, concern for the victims is limited to U.S. troops.. McKeon, H. P. B. World Report 2021: Philippines | Human Rights Watch Much of these mandatory expenses are funded by trust funds, such as Social Security taxes, which are raised and spent separately from income taxes. Some of the social science issues related to war are as follows; the effects of war on the family and the society. Around the globe, US military bases generate resentment, not security. As this brief discussion suggests, US veterans have many unmet needs. Military spending is good for workers, they add, because it creates jobs, and it also contributes to technological development (Boot, 2012; England, 2012; McKeon, 2012). Bess, M. (2008). The cause for despair is twofold. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab. Critics of the military budget say that the billions of dollars spent on weapons and other military needs would be better spent on domestic needs such as schools and day care. 119 words. Tirman (2012) acknowledges that the carpet bombing, atomic bombing, and other actions in World War II that killed hundreds of thousands of civilians may have had strategic purposes, and the morality of these actions remains hotly debated today. SNHU Social Science Issues Assignment - MSNStudy.com Although war is a social phenomenon arising from decisions of political and military officials, other phenomena can make it more likely that these officials will decide to go to war. Yet some inexorable force seems to impel both governments (and peoples) in that direction. Grimmett, R. E. (2011). Four decades later, questions of deceit were again raised after the United States began the war against Iraq because of its alleged possession of weapons of mass destruction. vanden Heuvel, K. (2011, June 13). In shedding light on the prevalence of military rape and sexual assault and on the many negative effects of these crimes, social science research has performed an important service. More than 100 million soldiers and civilians are estimated to have died during the international and civil wars of the twentieth century (Leitenberg, 2006). Our specialists will write a custom essay on any topic for $13.00 $10.40/page. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. The enormity of war has long stimulated scholarly interest in why humans wage war (Levy & Thompson, 2010). As a historian summarized this connection, By the end of the war, labors wartime mobilization and participation had increased its relative power within European societies. That is the good news and the cause for hope. It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. Only about one-seventh of these victims reported their rapes and sexual assaults. Identify two social science issues related to education. The defense industry remains a powerful force in the US economy six decades after Eisenhower issued his warning, and US military spending continues unabated. Families of deployed troops also face many difficulties. Explain your answer. Women in politics. National Priorities Project. Tirman, J. Napalm bombs were used in World War II to set fire to cities, military bunkers, and other targets. Instances of use of United States forces abroad, 17981993. Another issue would be the stress on the families who have a service member deployed in a war zone . To quote the title of a recent report, military spending is a poor job creator (Hartung, 2012). When napalm ends up on human skin, it causes incredibly severe pain and burns down to the bone, with death often resulting. 119 words. John Tirman, director of the Center for International Studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, worries that Americans have neglected the civilian victims of war. The U.S. military does not need or want all officers to become social scientist researchers, but applied social science can nevertheless help develop strategic thinking because it: (1) focuses on human behavior and influence; (2) develops comfort with competing theories; (3) requires creativity; and (4) uses evidence and iteration to better . The fiscal year 2013 defense budget: A report card. Conventional arms transfers to developing nations, 20032010. Materialism. US military spending amounts to more than $1 trillion annually. In fact, rape and sexual assault are the leading cause of PTSD among women veterans, while combat trauma is the leading cause of PTSD among male veterans. But many observers say that the United States has neglected the veterans of later wars. As the Marcums situation indicates, spouses and other family members of veterans also are casualties of war. Certainly neither the people nor the gov ernment of the United States desire World War III. Religion is a very important ideology in this regard. (2012, February 17). The term society refers to the system of interdependent relationships among human beings. Although 55 million is more than 40 million, the worlds population in the thirteenth century was only one-seventh its population during the World War II period. In political science (as in other fields in the social sciences from economics to anthropology) there has been a kind of simmering war being waged between quantitative and qualitative researchers - and the new journal was, in part, meant to heal the rift. Racial and religious discrimination are the two significant social issues in America, Africa, and the world. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. This includes current problems and risks that represent a probability of future problems. What do you think is the worst problem that veterans have faced in returning from the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan? 14 Week 1 Question 6 Identify two social science issues related to war; 15 16.4 Issues and Problems in Education - Sociology; 16 Social Problems Affecting Students & Schools - Synonym; 1 SCIENCE RELATED SOCIAL ISSUES IN THE ELEMENTARY - jstor. Federal spending includes both mandatory and discretionary spending. For instance, let's say there is a problem with teenagers not getting enough sleep. (2012, January 2). Although the truce later dissolved and labor-management conflict resumed, labor eventually won some limited rights thanks partly to its support for the war. Figure 16.3 International Military Spending, 2010. San Francisco Chronicle, p. A6. (1999). Daedalus, 133(4), 2535. Social media and bullying. Ashton, A. Another dimension of militarism involves arms exports by both the US government and US military contractors. Between 1861 and 1865, at least 618,000 and perhaps as many as 750,000 soldiers in both the Union and the Confederacy died on the battlefield or from disease. For example, the Iraq war that began in 2003 involved two countries more than any others, the United States and Iraq. Table 16.2 US Participation in Major Wars. First, it excludes several military-related costs such as veterans benefits and interest on the national debt from past military spending. Public, private organizations work to help thousands of homeless veterans in NY. Week 1 Question 7 Identify two social science issues related toeducation. Use the reading about social institutions in India to identify two social science issues that could be researched further. Regardless of these problems, this growing body of research documents how often rape and sexual assault in the military occur. When sexual assaults and sexual harassment are added to the crimes mentioned to respondents, between 22 percent and 84 percent of women report being raped, sexually assaulted, and/or sexually harassed while serving. The social sciences, like the physical or biological sciences, are intellectual subjects, directed primarily toward understanding, rather than action. New York Times, p. A1. The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan provide additional examples of a theft from those who hunger and are not fed. These wars cost the United States about $1.3 trillion through 2012, for an average of more than $100 billion annually (Harrison, 2012). The 1964 Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, in which Congress authorized President Lyndon Johnson to wage an undeclared war in Vietnam, was passed after North Vietnamese torpedo boats allegedly attacked US ships. They are also more likely to engage in drug use and binge drinking. She also refused to display the American flag, saying, When I looked at the American flag, I used to see red, white, and blue. Social science topics for research papers. These effects are similar to those for civilians, and include anxiety, depression, PTSD, poorer physical health, and poorer job performance (in this case, their military duties). It is a tremendously important branch of research that examines what it means to be a social being, how individuals function together as organized groups and societies, and how they interact with each other on issues of common interest. When we think of the impact of war, the consequences for civilians and veterans as just discussed come most readily to mind. Speier, J. Their poverty forced many of these women to turn to prostitution to earn an income, resulting in a rise in prostitution after the war (Rafter, 1990). It's this ethical and moral dimension that, to a degree, sets apart the social sciences from the natural sciences. Critics say these exports help fuel the worldwide arms race and international discord. The following are common examples of a social issue. As one business writer put it, Collectively, it is our patriotic responsibility to help our nations servicemen and women thrive in todays economy (Gerber, 2012). War | History, Causes, Types, Meaning, Examples, & Facts Rape, sexual assault, and sexual harassment in the military: The quick facts. Top social science questions | Daria Gritsenko, PhD - Helsinki The suicide rate of the general population is only 11.3 deaths per 100,000 population. They also say that the stationing of some 300,000 American troops on 865 military bases abroad at the time of this writing, including 81,000 troops in Europe and 220,000 in other nations, is hardly needed to ensure the nations defense.
social science issues related to war