peace of utrecht ap euro

raison d'etat. -Defeat in Central Europe forced Austria to turn east + Consolidate rule History Notes - 12/5/05 * Section 30: "Western Europe After Utrecht (1713-1740)" * The Peace of Utrecht - Ended the War of the Spanish Succession - Ended Louis XIV ambitions for a Universal Monarchy * England and France - Major Powers now - Spain all but eliminated * Preserved the European State System * Phillip V - King of Spain - result of Treaty of Utrecht - Spain had been partitioned . Cultural flourishing: The Dutch Golden Age was also a time of great cultural flourishing. VIII. In eastern Europe between 1500 and 1650, the growth of commercial agriculture was accompanied by the consolidation of serfdom Political power in the Dutch Republic was Controlled by an oligarchy of wealthy businessmen. in other Spanish kingdoms. H. Church elders administered to the congregation (presbyters). The first treaty signed at Utrecht was the truce between France and Portugal on 7 November, followed by the truce between France and Savoy on 14 March 1714. [30], The Treaty stipulated that "because of the great danger which threatened the liberty and safety of all Europe, from the too close conjunction of the kingdoms of Spain and France, one and the same person should never become King of both kingdoms". Email me your results to jeffraymond2002@yahoo.com. Following this, the Congress of Utrecht opened on 29 January 1712, with the British representatives being John Robinson, Bishop of Bristol, and Thomas Wentworth, Lord Strafford. Drescher: JANCAST (p. 451): "Jewish mercantile influence in the politics of the Atlantic slave trade probably reached its peak in the opening years of the eighteenth century the political and the economic prospects of Dutch Sephardic [Jewish] capitalists rapidly faded, however, when the British emerged with the asiento [permission to sell slaves in Spanish possessions] at the Peace of Utrecht in 1713". AP Euro: Absolutism and Constitutionalism Author: Tech Services Last modified by: Tech Services Created Date: 4/29/2011 1:04:00 PM Company: G. tolerance --> a greater acceptance of different societies and cultures. -Roundheads ally w/ Scots, led by Oliver Cromwell -> New Model Army, -Parliament purges more moderate members leaving radical Puritans -> PRIDE'S PURGE => RUMP PARLIAMENT system. --Portuguese/Dutch/British/French trade in Southeast Asia. The treaty followed the Treaty of Utrecht of 11 April 1713, which had ended hostilities between France and Spain, on the one hand, and Great Britain and the Dutch Republic, on the other. A. Hapsburgs vs. Hohenzollerns ~War caused much Hardship and misery in France (Finances) Huguenots right to worship in selected areas/ fortified towns he was too extravegent (he put France into great debt). Centuries - Major Events. Its destructive campaigns and battles occurred over most of Europe, and, when it ended with the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, the map of Europe had been irrevocably changed. - decreases taxes for nobility -- war became an activity of the state (the armed forces were formerly in private hands). Some of the most notable figures of this period include mathematician and philosopher Ren Descartes and scientist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. Treaties of Utrecht | European history | Britannica ~1559: Appoints half-sister as Regent-> Inquisition+ raise taxes -- Habeas Corpus Act (1679). -Failed to distinguish between important/ trivial matters Britain received the largest portion of colonial and commercial spoils and took the leading position in world trade. prestige and power of a modern nation. -France at a potential Spain (devastated economy) by end, -Caused by death of Charles II King of Spain Growth of consumer goods coming out of the Americas Seven Years War b/w the English and French over the . -opposed by England, Spain, Unitecd provinces, Holy Roman Emperor, Sweden and the electors of Bavaria, Saxony and the Palatinate B. John Locke 1638: Scots sign Solemn League and Covenant (pledge to defend Calvinism) Chapter 18 - The Balance of power in 18th Century Europe Write as mathematical expression. f(x)=x(x1);x=4f(x)=x(\sqrt{x}-1) ; x=4 Thus, the Dutch Republic was really more of an oligarchy, with power concentrated in the hands of wealthy merchants. ~fourth largest army by 1740 Nations had the desire for increased world power through their colonial empires. - put on trial for treason and executed in Jan. 1649 (King), Oliver Cromwell and 1 house Parliament began experiment w/ republican rule -> Commonwealth Incan leader dead and civil war in progress. The idea was reflected in the wording of the treaties and resurfaced after the defeat of Napoleon in the 1815 Concert of Europe that dominated Europe in the 19th century. -left possessions to Philip of Anjou (grandson of Louis) ~ Upholds Balance of Powers ~nobility serve the army and the state under The country was frequently at war with other European powers, and it was also hit by a number of economic crises. The now Whigs were now a minority in the house, but still pushing their anti-peace agenda. a. Peace between the emperor and Spain was not concluded until the Treaty of The Hague (February 1720). -faced revolts of nobility and Parlement of Paris (court) in Eastern and Western Europe. After the split from Catholic Spain, Calvinism became the dominant religion. ~ Upholds Balance of Powers E. new trade restrictions (ex. The treaties were concluded between the representatives of Louis XIV of France and of his grandson Philip on one hand, and representatives of Queen Anne of Great Britain, King Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia, King John V of Portugal and the United Provinces of the Netherlands on the other. The disputed throne of Spain was given to the French Philip V, but the union of the French and Spanish thrones was forbidden. 1555, ended religious civil war between roman catholic and lutherans in germany, each german prince power to choice religion of state, failed to provide recognition for calvinsts or other religious groups, 1545-1563, reform catholic church discipline and reaffirm church doctrine, preserved papacy as center of christianity, confirm all 7 sacraments, reaffirm latin as language of worship, forbade clerical marriage, 1598 issued by henry 4 of france, granted religious tolerance to french protestants, marked first formal recognition by a european nation monarchy that 2 religions could coexist in same country, revoked by louis 14 1685, 1648 thirty years war, recognized calvinism as a legal faith, recognize independence of 300 german states, german political state still fragile, sweden additionall territory confirm status as major power, acknowledge indpendence of united provinces of netherlands, 1713 ended louis 14 effort to dominate europe, philip 5 king of spain, spain and france cant have same monarch, spanish nethlerands to austria along with milan naples and sicily, 1713 guaranteed succession of habsburg emperor charles 6 daughter maria theresa to throne, habsburg lands individsable, violated when fredrick great invade silesia in 1740, 1815 enacted a settlement that was acceptable to both the victors and to france, create a balance of power that lasted until unification of germany in 1871, underestimated force of liberalism and nationalism, used principle of legit to restore bourbons to throne in france, unite belguim with netherlands, create lose confedeation of 39 german states dominated by austria, establish rules for dividing africa amongst the european powers, a european state could no longer simply declare a region of africa its colony. 49. 1. (belief total volume of trade is fixed) Princes can choose to be either Lutheran or Catholic (Not Calvinist). B. Louis XIII (1616-1643) 2 & 900 \\ The Whigs even called the treaty a sellout for letting the duke of Anjou stay on the Spanish throne. AP European History. -- reformed many of the previous abuses in the Church. Treaty of Westphalia (1648). While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. -confiscated land of Protestants and gave to Catholic nobles and foreign aristocrats (build loyal base) Year(t)12345Cashflow$8009001,0001,5002,000. Tags: Question 3. The main treaties of peace followed on 11 April 1713. L. cosmopolitanism. Free European History Flashcards about Euro Dates [38] The dispute continued to loosen Habsburg control over the Empire; Bavaria, Hanover, Prussia and Saxony increasingly acted as independent powers and in 1742, Charles of Bavaria became the first non-Habsburg Emperor in over 300 years. The Seven Northern Dutch provinces signed the Union of Utrecht, creating a defensive alliance against the Spanish, but they were politically independent with no absolute ruler. -Bishop Jacques Bossuet: Politics Drawn from the Very Words of Scripture-> gov. -- government and administration: B. population increase --> emergence of the middle class. The twelve peers consisted of two who were. Utrecht Area, Netherlands . ~ completed Decline of Spain as a major Power The Peace of Utrecht will be marked with events throughout Europe, but not so here. Enlightenment philosophes provided a major source of ideas that could be used to undermine Maria Theresa made an alliance with the British, and by 1748, all parties were tired and agreed to stop fighting by the peace treaty . This system allowed for a great degree of freedom and democracy, and it contributed to the country's prosperity and cultural flourishing. [34], Spain retained the majority of its Empire and recovered remarkably quickly; the recapture of Naples and Sicily in 1718 was only prevented by British naval power and a second attempt was successful in 1734. France ceded Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, the Hudson Bay territory, and the island of St. Kitts to Britain and promised to demolish the fortifications at Dunkirk, which had been used as a base for attacks on English and Dutch shipping. -believed military power and absolutism went hand in hand -Treaty of Nijmegen gave France more Flemish towns This is a missed opportunity to reflect on the long history of our inter-relationship with Europe and the wider world. 3 & 1,000 \\ Although the fate of the Spanish Netherlands in particular was of interest to the United Provinces, Dutch influence on the outcome of the negotiations was fairly insignificant, even though the talks were held on their territory. [citation needed], Under Article XIII, Spain agreed to a British demand to preserve Catalan historical rights, in return for Catalan support for the Allies during the war. he made Fr. Dispute followed the death of Charles II in 1700, and fourteen years of war were the result. sovereignty. ~ Primary Interest in Increasing Russia's Size + Military Power E. the middle class wished to run their religious affairs as they handled their new businesses. to. ~ belief 2 religions couldn't coexist in the same state He also believed that rulers should rule without anyone's consent. -ignored Estates General -> nobles have no means of united action, Major Beliefs: ONE KING, ONE LAW, ONE FAITH => Protestants -- unpopular military dictatorship. Despite its many achievements, the Dutch Golden Age was not without its challenges. -Pope Pius V excommunicated Elizabeth ~ Habsburgs conquered almost all of Hungary and Transylvania by 1699, State now 3 separate territories ruled by Habsburg Monarch: The Reformation worked in Northern Europe because: In the treaty with the Dutch, France agreed that the United Provinces should annex part of Gelderland and should retain certain barrier fortresses in the Spanish Netherlands. Spain under Philip V signed separate peace treaties with Savoy and Great Britain at Utrecht on 13 July. Chapter 17 - AP European History Chapter Outlines - Study Notes Fought wars in an attempt to insure the dominance of France and his Bourbon dynasty in European affairs; Louis's involvement in the War of Spanish Succession ended with the Peace of Utrecht in 1713 that greatly benefited England an emerging French rival Wars and building of Versailles emptied France's treasury The Decline of Spain 1. [7], The Peace confirmed the Bourbon candidate as Philip V of Spain to remain as king. IX. As he had reigned over a vast global empire, the question of who would succeed him had long troubled . European banking interests --> Fugger family. -- he learned the lessons of his predecessors (Don't mess with Parliament!) [11] In Article X, Spain ceded the strategic ports of Gibraltar and Minorca. Capitalism: trade managed by pirvate property + companies, private held profit. [2] British historian G. M. Trevelyan argued that: That Treaty, which ushered in the stable and characteristic period of Eighteenth-Century civilization, marked the end of danger to Europe from the old French monarchy, and it marked a change of no less significance to the world at large, the maritime, commercial and financial supremacy of Great Britain.[3]. Austr ian. Brought religious peace to HRE. C. increase in world trade. I. [4], France and Great Britain had come to terms in October 1711, when the preliminaries of peace had been signed in London. Jean Bodin, a French writer and political theorist, believed that sovereign power consisted of the authority to make laws, tax, administer justice, control the state's administrative system, and determine foreign policy. The War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1714) was a European conflict triggered by the death of the last Habsburg king of Spain, Charles II, in 1700. - Parliament believed in defending their power sharing role in gov't [45] Though France remained a great power, concern at its relative decline in military and economic terms compared to Britain was an underlying cause of the War of the Austrian Succession in 1740. AP European History Concept utline 21 Coee Boad Period 1: c. 1450-c. 1648 1. H. development of the modern British political system: In return, Philip renounced the French throne, both for himself and his descendants, with reciprocal renunciations by French Bourbons to the Spanish throne, including Louis XIV's nephew Philippe of Orlans. he tamed the Fr. ~ Maria Theresa successor + promise of foreign powers to accept -Ferdinand III centralizes German speaking provinces (Austria, Styria, Tyrol) -fears of Charles II was a Catholic sympathizer (relations were Catholic, alliance w/ France secretly), Fear of Catholicism intensify divinely ordained, God ruled through King, Cardinal Richelieu: Chief minister to Louis XIII - Turks advance into Austria to control the Mediterranean -- L'etat, c'est moi! -taxation approval, no forced loans, trials, no quartering of soldiers -adopts western dress, manners, style \end{array} ~ people tied to the King, opposed by Dutch, English and Sweden Datathon 2023; NEXT Jamboree; EuroAsia 2023 - Mumbai; LIVES Forum 2023 - Utrecht; LIVES 2023 - Milan; e-LIVES Online Media library; Endorsed events; Past events; Resources. Queen Anne and her advisors had also come to agree.[26]. Enire review of Ap Euro terms. The treaty was preceded by the asiento agreement, by which Spain gave to Britain the exclusive right to supply the Spanish colonies with African slaves for the next 30 years. -plot in Parliament moves to bring William of Orange as new English King (Protestant cousin, to his wife Mary (daughter of James)), -William raises army- James flees => William and Mary become rulers of England in GLORIOUS REVOLUTION, William and Mary sign Bill of Rights guaranteeing basic rights (e.g. B. Predestination ("the elect"). - Centralized central administration (finances) -France -- Council of Trent --> internal reforms and a clear listing of Church doctrines. -- insurance companies --> Lloyd's of London (maritime -- ship catalogs/classifications). -weakened traditional parliamentary liberties -- he denounced the Pope for involvement in politics as well as religion. 1713, ended Louis XIV's attempts to gain military power and land. ~Ferdinand seeks Albrecht of Wallenstien -> brings force to Denmark -Imperial electors of Brandenburg added Prussia to its holdings (1618) when junior branch (cousins) of family died out (expand marriage/death), Thirty Years War and other conflicts weakened power of Estates (representative bodies) in German Territories, weak, but managed to be crowned -> King Frederick I by the HRE for services in War of Spanish Succession, "The Soldiers King" brings Power Test Act. Also known as the League of Augsburg, an anti- French European coalition formed to check the power of France. back to North Africa and the Jews {Maranos} to Italy and the Middle East). Another important factor in the Dutch Golden Age was the country's political and economic system. -- Peter the Great --> "Westernization of Russia". The House of Hanover succeeded to the British throne and the former Spanish territories in Italy were ceded to the Habsburgs. Ch. 4: Age of Religious Wars (AP EURO) Quiz - Quizizz -didn't restore absolutism, avoided conflicts with Parliament Spain ruled the Netherlands when Holy Roman Emperor Charles V inherited the Spanish throne in 1516, beginning Habsburg rule in Spain. -nobility class lost right of taxation, reduced power of Estates Peace of Augsburg. Treaty of Utrecht 1713-Colonial Wars. This document ended the War of the Spanish Succession. A. Thomas Hobbes --> pro-absolutism; pro-"divine-right" monarchy. Following the passage of the treaty, the British government gained a thirty-year access to the Asiento de Negros. D. shift from the old market ports of the Mediterranean to the trans-Atlantic trade. France + Netherlands support Sweden, maximize their investment in war, and refuse agreement. VI. Motives for alliances ii. [39], The Dutch Republic ended the war effectively bankrupt, while the damage suffered by the Dutch merchant navy permanently affected their commercial and political strength and it was superseded by Britain as the pre-eminent European mercantile power. Article II, Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht. -Treaty of Non-such: English soldiers+ Calvary to Netherlands, -Beheaded Mary Stuart for planning to overthrow from throne -> causes Pope Sixtus to no longer retrain public support and Spain attempts to invade England, II. [citation needed], On 2 January 1710, king Louis XIV of France agreed to commence peace negotiations in Geertruidenberg[es]. -- Pragmatic Sanctions (Maria Theresa).

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